Bad impacts of computers on people and society Research Paper

Bad impacts of computers on people and society - Research Paper Example For example, chatting on the internet sometimes connects lovers despite the distance. However, it also reduces the amount of time they spend together and therefore weaken their bonds. In addition, excessive usage of computers results in development of health problems among the computer users. For example, eyesight problems due to staring on the screen and complications resulting from maintaining rigid postures for prolonged periods are examples. The role of computers in reducing outdoor activities also implicates usage of computers in the increasing rates of lifestyle diseases (Winston, 2010). Other problems include the development of social misfits due to the role of computers in learning, especially in children (Zhang, 2011). However, the majority of these problems are a reflection of the changing social structures that are accelerated by usage of computers. Therefore, though computers have negative effects on the users, the negativity is a function of the changing social structure s. Computers merely accelerate the changes. Over the last few decades, the volume of computer usage has been increasing due to innovations and advancements in technology. Innovations increase the convenience of computer usage and advancements in technology facilitate the innovations. For example, the rise of the social media platforms over the last decade has increased the amount of time spent on the internet, especially by the youth. Though the increasing usage of computers are a function of advancement and reflect positive changes, it results in health problems, social problems and behavioral problems in the society. According to Winston, 2009. Lifestyle related diseases are the leading cause of death in the US today. These diseases are a function of poor lifestyle activities that limit physical exercises and therefore result in the buildup of fats in the body. For example, due to social media, people can now

Population Control Essay Example for Free

Population Control Essay INTRODUCTION The myth of overpopulation is one of the most pervasive myths in Western society, so deeply ingrained in the culture that it profoundly shapes the cultures world view. The myth is compelling because of its simplicity. More people equal fewer resources and more hunger, poverty, environmental degradation, and political instability. This equation helps explain away the troubling human suffering in that ‘other’ world beyond the neat borders of affluence. By procreating, the poor create their own poverty. We are absolved of responsibility and freed from complexity. The population issue is complex. Hartmann (1995) asserts that to put it into proper perspective requires exploring many realms of human experience and addressing difficult philosophical and ethical questions. It entails making connections between fields of thought that have become disconnected as the result of narrow academic specialization. It demands the sharpening of critical facilities and clearing the mind of received orthodoxies. And above all, it involves transcending the alienation embodied in the very terms ‘population bomb’ and ‘population explosion’. Such metaphors suggest destructive technological processes outside human control. But the population issue is about living people, not abstract statistics. PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH POPULATION CONTROL The myth of overpopulation is destructive because it prevents constructive thinking and action on reproductive issues. Instead of clarifying our understanding of these issues, it obfuscates our vision and limits-our ability to see the real problems and find workable solutions. Worst of all, it breeds racism and turns womens bodies into a political battlefield. It is a philosophy based on fear, not understanding. Now this picture both the population predictions and the social predictions are challenged by those who argue especially against compulsory population controls. It is argued that we do not have accurate figures showing the number of people now existing in the world, that we have no reliable way of forecasting future population growth, that there is no acceptable standard prescribing optimum population size, and that although the pressures of population may contribute to some social ills, they are not the primary cause of them. Those who respond to the population problem in this way point the finger in other causal directions to account for environmental decay to our economic system, which encourages environmental destruction, to our technology which is responsible for high-polluting individualized transportation, and to our minimal emphasis on public or mass transit and so on. They also point to the fact that some nutrition experts give us assurance that food resources exist which would permit the feeding of the worlds population even if it doubled. ALLEVIATING SOCIAL ILLS THROUGH POPULATION CONTROL The point is, this argument continues, that a number of voluntary moves can be undertaken to mitigate whatever causal influences population growth has on our social ills. We can produce more food, redistribute people, provide meaningful jobs for women outside the home, provide family planning programs, contraceptive information and services, early abortions, voluntary sterilization, and so on. Anything short of government coercion. Anything short of violating or overriding what is taken to be a fundamental moral and constitutional right the right to procreate and to have as many children as one wants. Gordon (2002) relates in her book that population control measures would alleviate certain local pockets of poverty, as population excess was relative, not just to the means of subsistence, but also to the system of control over the means of subsistence. In the same light, population control has always been closely associated with economic, moral and feminist issues in the United States. Many had also become aware that development by itself was not a magical solution to rapid population growth. The idea of social reform in early twentieth-century America was embedded in the larger understanding that scientific principles could and should be applied in an effort to alleviate social ills. The great social ills we face today: poverty, war, hunger, disease and ecological degradation are clearly rooted from the sheer effects of population excess to the global situation, which is why the direct solution to the problem, which is population control, is the first and most potent step to take towards lessening the evil impacts of said social ills to the global community. Although many critics claim that overpopulation has been the famous scapegoat for society’s ills, the fact that population could be controlled to a manageable degree could and would facilitate a general ease in the social inequalities being experienced by the world over due to the scarcity of resources available to the privileged few who has the means and the power to be in charge of the distribution or even the consumption of such scant resources. The growth of population very rapid in the less-developed countries, but not negligible in most developed countries, either will continue to compound the predicament by increasing pressure on resources, on the environment, and on human institutions. Rapid expansion of old technologies and the hasty deployment of new ones, stimulated by the pressure of more people wanting more goods and services per person, will surely lead to some major mistakes actions whose environmental or social impacts erode well-being far more than their economic results enhance it. This gloomy prognosis, to which a growing number of scholars and other observers reluctantly subscribes, has motivated a host of proposals for organized evasive action: population control, limitation of material consumption, redistribution of wealth, transitions to technologies that are environmentally and socially less disruptive than todays, and movement toward some kind of world government, among others. Implementation of such action would itself have some significant economic and social costs, and it would require an unprecedented international consensus and exercise of public will to succeed. Throughout its history, the emphasis and primary concern of the population control movement has been the welfare of the family; it has stressed the economic, educational, and health advantages of well-spaced, limited numbers of children. Population control cannot be achieved in a social or economic vacuum, of course. To formulate effective population control measures, much greater understanding is needed about all peoples attitudes toward reproduction, and how these attitudes are affected by various living conditions, including some that seem virtually intolerable to people in developed countries. Even more, it is essential to know what influences and conditions will lead to changes in attitudes in favor of smaller families. OUTLINE INTRODUCTION PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH POPULATION CONTROL ALLEVIATING SOCIAL ILLS THROUGH POPULATION CONTROL WORKS CITED Hartmann, B. (1995). Reproductive Rights and Wrongs: The Global Politics of Population Control. Boston, Massachusetts: South End Press. Gordon, L. (2002). The Moral Property of Women: The History of Birth Control Politics in America. Chicago, Illinois: University of Illinois Press.

The Complexity Of Society And Diversity

The Complexity Of Society And Diversity In the words of Thompson we live in a complex society where diversity is the order of the day. This indeed can result into conflict of interest and discrimination. To narrow this down, discrimination borne out of Cultural Diversity in the social care practice is a very pertinent issue in care delivery especially between the service giver and the client alike. This can be explained as the reflection of the differences that comes through their, languages, values, beliefs, thoughts, behavioural action, ideas and reaction. Basically, is a pointer to the sensitivity nature of the profession and the approaches needed to provide culturally appropriate care that will accommodate and embrace individuals beliefs, values and culture incorporates individuals cultural values, beliefs, and practices including sensitive and of course practitioners among others must take cognisance of individual background to facilitate antidiscriminatory practice in service delivery. When implementing prevention programs to curb any form of discriminatory attitude ,some of the cogent factors that should be considered as sub set of cultural diversity are, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, sexuality, spirituality, and some other areas. Both the internal and external parts of human life can be considered as the understanding of culture. Among diverse of lots of ways to define culture, it can be viewed from the angle of experience, values, knowledge, attitudes, skills, ideas, tastes, and techniques which are transfer from one experienced person in the community to others. Transmitters of culture are now families both immediate and nuclear, religious group, peer groups social groups, neighbours and professional organisations. Essentially it should be noted that element of culture and diversity are numerous, some cultural experiences could be are biological related factors, like physical stature and colour of skin, whereas others could be sociological related factors, like socioeconomic status and religious connection. Based on these variables it will be wrong and illogical to draw a conclusion regarding people based on the way they appear externally. It has become imperative for social care practitioners to be very competent cultural, apart from the fact that this could improve the service delivery standard it will help immensely to help in the quest for antidiscriminatory practice in this profession. Some of the importance of this antidiscriminatory practice in this regards is that it will help to facilitate a serene atmosphere whereby social workers will be able to see it as a matter of responsibility to engage in proper conduct, effective ethical services and decision making. This will enable them to be more conscious about the value base of their service users and of course it will help to maintain an ethical standard that could ultimately serve as a platform on which a professional relationship that can facilitate and improve service delivery can be attained in the long run. Civilization according to Obama can be described as a method of living and an attitude of equal respect for all and sundry. Obama B. (2006).In a similar vein, a speech was delivered by M. Martin in Dublin (2001) in regards to solving the challenges of cultural diversity in the health care Sector in republic of Ireland. Martin stated in his speech that, diversity gives social care practitioners the privilege to develop their knowledge, mental know-how and the understanding of the problems associated with issues cultural diversity in the health care sector from the twin perspectives of both clients and staff. He also identify awareness and sensitivity training workshop for staff as a key requirement for adapting to a diverse population issue. He suggested that such training should be projected towards enhancement of knowledge based development and skills in other to render effective services that are sensitive to cultural diversity. Diversity according to Thompson, (2001: 34), is a term hugely being used to lay emphasis on the differences between individuals and across groups, and the fact that such differences are best seen as an assets to be valued and affirmed, rather than as problems to be solved. Diversity and difference could result to discrimination and thus oppression can take place. Moreover, social care workers do encounter many problems and obstacles in attending the elderly, the young and the physically challenged as well. Ireland as a country is fast becoming a much more multi-cultural society where people are coming from diverse cultural and ethnical background obviously peoples ideas thought and expectations based on service delivery will definitely be conflicted , but it is expected that social care practitioners will manage all these issues as a matter of cultural competency. In recent times, it is now not unusual for a practitioner to work with a black or coloured person or a person from an Eastern European country. Nor is it unusual to work with a child from an ethnic minority in residential care. Another important of antidiscriminatory practice is that it will enable practitioners to have an insight to how human life and experience is characterise by diversity and how is germane to identity formations. Diversity as it may, can be viewed from intersectionality of different dimensions, these factors consist of gender, age, colour, religion, sexual orientation, class differences, culture, sex, physically challenged, immigration status, ethnic background, political ideology and national origin. Social workers need to understand and placed ultimate premium of the fact that as a rerult of individual differences, somebody somehow might have experience or suffred from exploitation, maginalisation, oppression, poverty, exclusion and stigmatisation. Understandind this fact will not only help a practitioner to manage and deliver good servive but will greatly assist to be able to deal effectively in handling individuals need individually. According to Worman, (2005) diversity can best be described as, the the disparities that exist between people that ranges from both visible and non-visible. He identifies three different types of diversity: Social diversity which includes age, race, ethnicity and gender, Value diversity such as psychological differences based on personality and attitudes and Informational diversity which includes organisational differences in education, tenure and function. Rather than seeing this as the beginning and end of one the greatest challenges been faced by this profession it should be seen as a means to an end towards achieving a better service delivery. Perhaps, one of the possible fruits of the challenges of cultural diversity is that it could chrysalises to discrimination talking about the client and the service deliverer . According to Laird, (2008) concerns with racism first emerged in the social-work profession back in the 1970s and during the 1980s major social-work texts appeared to guide practice (Payne, 2005: 277). The new Diploma in Social Work was introduced in 1990 and it made it compulsory for anti-racist practice to be part of the prospectus. Thompsons advanced work on the PCS analysis, (1998, 2006) refers to the personal, cultural and structural levels at which discrimination can occur, as a means of identifying and combating oppression against ethnic service users. As a result of his research Thompson would say that the combination of personal and cultural predispositions can create an ethnocentric outlook. Ethnocentrism results in judging other distinctive groups of people according to the norms of ones own group. This of course can create more problems rather than solution that ought to be the central major target of the carer and invariably it can lead to frustration on the part of the carer. Practically, over time it has been proven that problems that arises from discrimination in service delivery if properly addressed and managed will ultimately enhance performance and this to a large extent will help to improve the lives of the clients. Some the discriminatory acts from recent research have their source from language and culture. Ireland for instance is now a cross multicultural country whereby we have huge number of people from Africa and Eastern block. This factor can make or mar service delivery effectiveness depending on how is applied. Practitioners and service users recognise that language and cultural barriers can limit the provision of effective and meaningful social care. (Share et al 2009: 423). Also, antidiscriminatory practice can necessitate the quest for knowledge and information to improve learning. To be effective at their job, Social Care Workers need to acquire the skills in dealing with culturally different co-workers, subordinates peers and clients. Powell (2004) points out those organisations are becoming increasingly aware of the need to understand and respond to demographic trends in the modern employment force. Carer need to gain an awareness and understanding of the environment around them in order to provide effective supports to service users and their individual needs. A lack of knowledge and/or a lack of understanding can lead to discriminatory practice. Lack of knowledge can simply mean not being aware of the needs and choices of an individual this can lead to complications and frustration on parties. This information may include dietary requirements, religious practices, cultural differences, language barriers or personal rituals. Thomas (1991), observed that workplace diversity transcend beyond gender and race. It cut across people lifestyle, age, sexual preference, functional speciality and geographical location. Communities and organisations are becoming extremely diverse and are being challenged to manage diversity. Wilson (1997) describes the changing workforce as the new workforce. For example, todays workforce includes more dual earner families, an older work force, more people of colour and ethnic minorities, more people with disabilities and more homosexual practitioners. These set of new workers that falls within the groups earlier mentioned are more demanding and their expectation about the employees involvement is so great, Provision has to be made for better work and family balance and access to more vital information, legal frameworks should be in force in order to encourage the Irish workforce to acknowledge and appreciate diversity. The Employment Equality Act 2004 and the Equal Status Act 2000forbid by law on different nine grounds the act of discrimination including race and membership of the travelling community. Section 24 of the Employment Equality Act 2004, states that it is aimed to: Implement the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin..establishing a general framework for equal employment and occupation and equal treatment for men and women in regards to employment, vocational training and promotion. As a social care worker, in a diverse workforce, there is a need to recognise and respect such differences. Ethnic and cultural diversity are not a new occurrence in Ireland. The Irish Travelling Community is synonymous with a long history of an indigenous minority group with a strong culture and identity of their own. Only when these differences are acknowledged in a respectable manners and informing ourselves with regard to them can we be rest assured that these differences has been addressed. Equality and diversity are about the understanding and valuing of difference. It is about creating a working environment that recognises respects and harnesses difference. A fair environment allows everyone to contribute and gives the opportunity to all to fulfil their potential. Practitioners face many challenges in their everyday work environment. In stressful situations it is important to have support, for example, from the team a carer work with, the supervisor or even an individual co-worker. Consistency is an important tool for any practitioner so as to provide the best service for the people that they work with. Powell (2004) explains that ignoring diversity may limit a team in its work to reach a required goal. According to Powell, practitioners benefit from working in a multicultural environment as it teaches them a culture of inclusion and they can benefit from the range of skills and values that are present in the team. This leads to the absence of discrimination and prejudice and ultimately both the staff and clients benefit from this environment. Effective social work education and practice in the increasingly mobile and diverse modern European society requires and understanding of minority ethnic cultures and sensitivity to inter-cultural perspectives. The National Association of Social Workers (N.A.S.W) describes the responsibilities of social workers as to act to expand choice and opportunity for all persons, with special regard for vulnerable, disadvantaged, oppressed and exploited people and groups. These standards heighten the acceptance and respect for diversity as a fundamental social work value. Share et al (2009) points out that many third level institutions providing social care courses integrate inter-cultural training as part of the prospectus. Many organisations adopt diversity programmes to combat exclusion in the work place. Social workers have a professional mandate to identify and challenge organisational systems and individual practices that compromise client service, choice and general well-being. (Maidment et al, 2002: 399). Constant rising in Ethnicity and social heterogeneity has been identified as one of the greatest and essential challenges militating against modern societies, and in the same way, one of the most significant opportunities in almost all the advanced countries of the world. One thing that is very certain that can be said about virtually all the modern societies is that is generations are going to be more diverse than ever in a foreseeable future. According to Putnam (2007). He described in the theoretical tool kit of social science two diametrically opposed perspectives about the effects of diversity on social connections. One of those, he labelled the contact hypotheses which argues that diversity fosters interethnic tolerance and social solidarity. The more we associate and make more contact with people who are different from us, it will enable us to overcome our initial hesitation and ignorance and come to trust them more. This is true in social care an example been the first time a service user would have had a black worker as a carer there could or would have being name calling because they did not know any better. In some cases this has improved as the client and carer have gotten to know each other and come to realise that the only difference is their culture and not what colour they are. CONCLUSION This essay has been able to observe and established that in order for social care work to be effective and fair, social care workers need to acknowledge difference and embrace it so as to reap the benefits of a diverse workforce. Racism has no place for the social care worker in the work place. Working with clients who have diverse needs can only serve to further teach a social care worker and enrich their practice, which in turn promotes their standard of professionalism and experience. What is recommendable is that there are two sides to a coin, diversity as it may, in totality could be a blessing in disguise because it can propel a society towards achieving or providing the best and the most effective service delivery in the context of social care practice through all the possible learning and training processes that ranges from competency to ethical conducts for all the social care workers. This essay has shown just what diversity is and what types of diversity challenge social care workers on a daily basis. It has also emphasised how important training and development is in order to give potential social care workers a prepared insight into how diversity can be managed and respected. The world is a small place and social care workers need to recognise and embrace all cultures and their respective differences in order to further enhance their ability to help all service users in multicultural society. Emphasis has been laid on some the importance of antidiscriminatory practice in the context of this profession like better service delivery, enhancing good relationship, improve professionalism and help to facilitate cultural competence and ethical standard amongst others. All this factors put together will ultimately underpinned the future and best practice for this profession.

The Viking :: essays research papers

Subject: Explain how World War II is a total war. Total War By 1939 France and Great Britain had declared war on Germany. Germany had invaded Poland and was working towards European domination while on the other side of the globe Japan had launched a massive attack on China and Korea and was steadily moving over the Pacific in an attempt to gain complete control over Greater East Asia. Italy was attempting to conquer the Mediterranean and was, thus far, triumphant. All was being broadcast globally on the radio. This was becoming a war unlike any in the 20th century, even the First World War couldn’t compare to this gruesome fight against fascism, communism and world domination. For the first time ever there was a war on nearly every continent and ocean as well as every head and heart. This essay will examine how the media, economic and militaristic mobilization as well as the ideological opinions contribute to the view of the world being engrossed in what has now been called "the last noble war". This war characterized itself by the complete mobilization of man and his resources. Governments are soliciting the public for money: raising taxes, requesting the buying of war bonds, using every reserve they have including colonies, for soldiers and textiles, for example: coal, steel etc†¦ Also there are strategic bombings of large cities, for the first time civilians fall victim, in great numbers, to the destruction of war. 50,000,000 people died in WWII, approximately 17,000,000 were civilians. With the help of the Nazis the term "genocide" was defined in this war. No genocidal attempt had ever achieved the same amount of success as Hitler’s racial cleansing. This along with Communist Russia only fueled the war time propaganda. "Lebensraum", "La Grande Croisade, Là ©gion des Volontaires Franà §ais contre le Bolchevisme", "Battle of Germany-Join an Air Crew". All of these are slogans or captions of posters propagandizing the war effort on the home fronts. Radios all over the world were broadcasting speeches from world leaders encouraging everyone to do what they can in support of the war effort. Posters and flyers everywhere were distributing the country’s propaganda, urging the public to buy government war bonds and, at least in the US, requesting that women sacrifice their pantyhose to be used for gun powder sacks and other nylon materials. Because of the radio publicity the war is being broadcast into every home around the globe and the soldiers are no longer the only ones to be involved in the war.

Student Exploration: Graphing Skills Gizmo

. Student Exploration: Graphing Skills Vocabulary: bar graph, line graph, negative relationship, pie chart, positive relationship, scale, scatter plot, variable Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo. ) 1. Four kinds of graphs are shown in this Gizmo. Circle the kinds you have seen before. [pic][pic] [pic][pic] Bar graph Line graph Pie chart Scatter plot 2. Where have you seen graphs used? Graphs are used everywhere. You can find them in textbooks, newspapers, meetings, schoolroom, everywhere.Basically anywhere someone needs to portray information, visualize data, display trends or patterns, compare two or more things, chart progression/digression, show relationships, etc. 3. Why do you think graphs are useful? Like stated above, graphs are useful to share information with others and put it in a picture-like form. Sometimes it is easier to understand a concept if you can visualize it, which is what a graph does. Gizmo Warm-up: Using the Graphing Skills Gizmo 1.The Graphing Skills Gizmoâ„ ¢ starts with a bar graph on the right and a data set on the left. Practice using the Gizmo by doing the following: †¢ Write a title. †¢ Label the vertical and horizontal axes. †¢ Change the scale of the vertical axis. †¢ Drag the bars up and down. 2. Use the Graph type dropdown list to select other kinds of graphs. Practice with each type of graph: †¢ On the Line graph drag the points up and down. †¢ On the Pie chart change the size of each slice by dragging the edges. †¢ On the Scatter plot drag points from the data table to the graph. Activity A: |Get the Gizmo ready: |[pic] | | | | | |Bar graphs |On the Challenge menu, select Create graph. | | | |On the Graph type menu, select Bar graph. | | | |If necessary, click New until Animal speed data appears. | Goal: Build a bar graph based on a data table. 1. Create graph: A bar graph is useful for comparing things, such as how fast animals can run. †¢ Write a title f or the graph. (Look at the title of the data table for a suggestion. ) †¢ Label the horizontal axis and the vertical axis. †¢ Pick what you think is the best choice for a vertical axis scale. †¢ Drag each bar to match the data in the table. Do your best to estimate heights. 2. Check your work: Click Check to see how well you did. A. What was your accuracy score? Over 90 is excellent. ) Accuracy score is 100. B. What vertical scale did you choose? (In other words, how much does each horizontal line on the graph represent? ) Each line on the graph represents 20 km/h. 3. Revise: Click Show value on mouseover. Move the cursor over each bar to see its value. Adjust each bar and click Check until the accuracy score is 100. To show your work, click the screenshot camera at upper left. Paste the screenshot into a blank document. 4. Interpret: Which of these animals is fastest? Cheetah Slowest? Human . Apply: Click New and make the next bar graph. Adjust the scale if needed an d don’t forget to make a title and label each axis. Click Check to see your accuracy. A. What country has the highest life expectancy? The lowest? Country with the highest life expectancy is Andorra. Country with the lowest is Zambia. B. Does anything about the graph surprise you? I hoped that the USA would have the highest life expectancy, but that was not the case. (Too many McDonald’s to blame. ) 6. Challenge yourself: Hold a contest with your classmates.Turn off the Show value on mouseover checkbox and click New. Who can create the most accurate bar graph? |Activity B: |Get the Gizmo ready: |[pic] | | | | | |Line graphs and pie charts |Under Graph type select Line graph. | | | |If necessary, click New until Temperature data appears. | Goal: Build a line graph and a pie chart. Line graphs 1. Create graph: Line graphs are often used to show how something changes over time. Write a title and label the axes. Adjust the vertical scale if needed. Create the line graph b y dragging the points up and down. 2. Check your work: Click Check. What was your accuracy score? Accuracy score is 100. 3. Revise: Turn on Show values on mouseover and adjust the graph until your score is 100. Take a screenshot of your graph and paste it into a document. 4.Interpret: Which day was hottest? Wednesday Which day was coolest? Sunday 5. Apply: Try additional line graphs until you are comfortable making this type of graph. Discuss the most interesting graphs with your teacher and classmates. Pie charts 6. Create graph: Pie charts are used to show proportional data. Under Graph type select Pie chart. Make sure that Show values and labels is checked. Write a title for the pie chart and drag the pie pieces to match the data table. 7. Check your work: Click Check. Revise your pie chart if necessary.When the pie chart is correct, paste a screenshot of the chart into your document. 8. Interpret: What were the most popular pies? Apple 9. Apply: Try additional pie charts until y ou are comfortable with this type of graph. For a real challenge, try to make a pie chart with the Show values and labels checkbox turned off. 10. Extend your thinking: The Gizmo also allows you to create a data table from a graph. Under Challenge select Create table. Write a title for the table and then fill in each empty box based on the graph. Click Check to check your accuracy. Activity C: |Get the Gizmo ready: |[pic] | | | | | |Scatter plots |Under Challenge select Create graph. | | | |Under Graph type select Scatter plot. | | | |If necessary, click New until Studying and score data appears. | Goal: Create a scatter plot. 1. Create graph: Scatter plots are used to see if one variable is related to another. Each point on a scatter plot has two values. For example, if Robert studied for 40 minutes and got a quiz score of 98, Robert’s point would be placed at (40, 98) on the graph. (You can think of that as â€Å"over 40, up 98. †) To make a scatter plot, do the fo llowing: †¢ Write a title for the graph. †¢ Label the horizontal axis based on the second column of the data table, and the vertical axis based on the third column of the data table.Include units in each label. †¢ Adjust the horizontal and vertical axis scales if needed. †¢ Drag each point to match the data. 2. Check your work: Click Check. What was your accuracy score? Accuracy score is 100. 3. Revise: Turn on Show values on mouseover and adjust the graph until your score is 100. Adjust the axis scales if necessary. Paste a screenshot of your graph into a document. 4. Interpret: Based on this graph, will studying help you do well on a test? Explain. Yes! The longer a student studied, the higher his/her test score was. 5. Extend your thinking: The â€Å"Studying vs.Score† scatter plot shows an example of a positive relationship—as one variable increases, so does the other. The points in this type of scatter plot tend to go â€Å"uphill† from left to right. A negative relationship is the opposite—as one variable increases, the other variable decreases. These types of scatter plots go â€Å"downhill† from left to right. A. Which graphs in the Gizmo show a positive relationship? In the â€Å"Income versus Education† graph, as one’s education improved and increased, the income they earned also increased. With the â€Å"Study and Score Evaluation†, when one’s study time increased, the score also correlated with an increase.With the â€Å"Growth Over Time† graph, there is a positive relationship since as one person increases in age, the height also increases. B. Which graphs in the Gizmo show a negative relationship? The only graph I could find which remotely represented this was the Temperature Data Graph. As progression increased through the week and it got closer to the weekend, the temperature decreased. Although not demonstrated in the Gizmo, a perfect example of a negativ e relationship would be as the elevation above sea level rises, the temperature decreases. ———————– [pic]

Free Essays on Cross Cultural Communication

Communicating Across Cultural Barriers All international business activity involves communication. Within the international and global business environment, activities such as exchanging information and ideas, decision making, negotiating, motivating , and leading are all based on the ability of managers from other cultures. Achieving effective communication is a challenge to managers worldwide even when the workforce is culturally homogeneous, but when one company includes a variety of languages and cultural backgrounds, effective two-way communication becomes even more difficult. We think that the major obstacle in international business is in understanding the foreigner, the difficulty involves becoming aware of our own cultural conditioning . We are generally least aware of our own cultural characteristics and are quite surprised when we hear foreigner’s descriptions of us. For example, many Americans are surprised to discover that they are seen by foreigner as hurried, overly law-abiding, very hard working, extremely explicit, and overly inquisitive. Projective similarity refers to the assumption that people are more similar to you than they actually are, or that a situation is similar to yours when in fact it is not. Projected similarity involves assuming, imagining, and actually perceiving similarity when differences exist. Projected similarity particularly handicaps people in cross-cultural situations. At the base of projected similarity is a subconscious parochialism. I assume that there is only one way to be: my way. I assume that there is only one way to see the world: my way. I therefore view other people in reference to me and to my way of viewing the world. While it is important to understand and respect the foreigner’s point of view, it is not necessary to accept or adopt it. One of the best exercises for developing empathy and reducing parochialism and projected similarity is role reversa... Free Essays on Cross Cultural Communication Free Essays on Cross Cultural Communication Communicating Across Cultural Barriers All international business activity involves communication. Within the international and global business environment, activities such as exchanging information and ideas, decision making, negotiating, motivating , and leading are all based on the ability of managers from other cultures. Achieving effective communication is a challenge to managers worldwide even when the workforce is culturally homogeneous, but when one company includes a variety of languages and cultural backgrounds, effective two-way communication becomes even more difficult. We think that the major obstacle in international business is in understanding the foreigner, the difficulty involves becoming aware of our own cultural conditioning . We are generally least aware of our own cultural characteristics and are quite surprised when we hear foreigner’s descriptions of us. For example, many Americans are surprised to discover that they are seen by foreigner as hurried, overly law-abiding, very hard working, extremely explicit, and overly inquisitive. Projective similarity refers to the assumption that people are more similar to you than they actually are, or that a situation is similar to yours when in fact it is not. Projected similarity involves assuming, imagining, and actually perceiving similarity when differences exist. Projected similarity particularly handicaps people in cross-cultural situations. At the base of projected similarity is a subconscious parochialism. I assume that there is only one way to be: my way. I assume that there is only one way to see the world: my way. I therefore view other people in reference to me and to my way of viewing the world. While it is important to understand and respect the foreigner’s point of view, it is not necessary to accept or adopt it. One of the best exercises for developing empathy and reducing parochialism and projected similarity is role reversa... Free Essays on Cross Cultural Communication Cross Cultural Communication Assignment assessing the differences in two cultures on the basis of Universalistic Vs Particularistic Cultures With topic of global project in Finland Acknowledgements In the process of doing this assignment, I have taken the help of a number of persons, amongst whom the most important is my professor. Thanks are to him for the continuous support that he has given me. The large number of books available in the library of Skyline College has been a great help. Also, the vast information made available online by a number of online libraries has been a source of great knowledge. I have also taken help from the Internet services that have been provided by the college’s online faculty of libraries, from where I got the main idea of the case of this assignment – Global project especially in Finland Mukesh Kumar Jangid Contents Acknowledgements 2 Contents 3 Introduction 4 What is Culture? 4 The seven dilemmas 4 The aim of this assignment 5 Main Body 6 Topic taken for discussion – International Business Constructions 6 Universalism Vs Particularism in detail 6 Universalism 6 Particularism 6 Details of the example –global project 7 How does culture affect global project? 7 Cultural analysis 7 Example of Punctuality 8 Conclusions 10 My solution to cultural problems 10 Bibliography 11 Introduction In today’s world, everyone is expanding from local markets to international markets. Initially the companies, who used to be the leaders in the local market, are now entering international markets and thus they are becoming multinational companies. Although there are a number of factors that firms take into account while going international, there is an increasing demands to find out that the most important resource of any organization, people. Since many different kinds of people come to contact with each other, while going international, there is a need to know...

6 Great Resume Tips How to Organize Your Resume’s Education Section

6 Great Resume Tips How to Organize Your Resume’s Education Section Is your resume’s Education section taking up too much space on your resume? Are you finding it hard to fit in all the information you think is important? Here are some of your resume Education section questions answered – maybe even questions you didn’t know you had! These tips will help you pack in lots of information without taking up half the space on your resume. 1. Should the Education section come first or last? If you are a new graduate from college or graduate school, or if you are applying to graduate school, your resume’s Education section generally goes FIRST on your resume (after your header). Why? Because it’s what you’ve done most recently, and/or it is most relevant. (If you  are unsure as to what is most relevant in your particular situation, ask an expert for advice.) If you have been in the working world for 2 years or more, your Experience section will more likely come first, and Education might be last or close to last on your resume. 2. Should I include dates in my Education section? The answer is, â€Å"It depends.† If you are a new graduate, especially if you’ve graduated from any school within the past five years, then it makes sense to include the date of your graduation or expected graduation. If you graduated more than 20 years ago, generally it’s recommended not to include the date of your graduation, as you could face age discrimination. If you are an older job seeker and also got a degree in the past few years, it can help to make you look younger if you put the date of your graduation on your resume. So consider your specific situation and make a considered judgment call. If you have questions, you might want to consider a resume review by The Essay Expert. 3. What should the basic format be? List your educational institutions in reverse chronological order, just as you do with your employment history. The most important part of each school section is the name of the school you attended. Put it in bold and/or Small Caps, followed by the city and state. Use the same format you use for your employers. Next put the degree you received. If you are anticipating a degree, write â€Å"Candidate for B.A,† â€Å"B.S. expected,† or â€Å"M.A. anticipated.† Fill in the appropriate degree of course. Here’s an example: You might like a centered format if your Education section is toward the end of the resume. For example: 4. Do I need a separate line for my GPA and for each of my honors? If you need to save space, there is no need to put your GPA and honors all on separate lines. You can combine these onto one line, and you can even put them on the same line as your major. How you combine things will depend on how much room you have on other lines. Here are some possibilities: BA in Political Science, cum laude, 2016 (GPA: 3.41) Bachelor of Arts in Political Science, concentration in Psychology, May 2015 Major GPA: 3.73; Cumulative GPA: 3.683 5. How should I list Honors  and Activities? You do not need an entirely separate section for either Honors or Activities. Only create these separate sections if you need to fill space! Instead, put them under the appropriate school. Do you have a lot of honors and/or activities? If you need space, you can group them together. For instance, you can have a bullet that says â€Å"Honors:† and name your honors, separated by semicolons. Then have a bullet that says â€Å"Activities:† and list your activities, separated by semicolons. Not sure how to handle the dates of all these things? Try putting them in parentheses after the honor or activity, and before the semicolon. Examples: Honors: Undergraduate Honors Thesis Research Grant (Honors Program award); Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society; Golden Key International Honour Society Honors: Dean’s List (2016-2019); Baylor University Alumni Scholarship (2015-2019); Greek Women’s Leadership Award (2009); Midwest Conference Academic All Conference Team (2018  and 2019) Activities: Latino/a Student Association, Secretary (2016-2017), Delegate/Community Service Committee (2015-2017); Mexican Student Organization, Social Chair (2015-2016); South American Student Association, Member (2014-2017) Activities: Varsity Women’s Basketball Team, Four Year Letter Winner; Pi Beta Phi Fraternity, Board Director (2016-2017) and Member (2014-2017); University Chapel Choir, Member (2014-2017) 6. Do I need a separate section for Study Abroad? No! Study abroad is part of your undergraduate education. It can be a bullet, or if you want to emphasize it because of your international interest or language ability, you can bold it. Do not put a space between your undergraduate degree section and the study abroad section, unless you need to fill space. Example of bullet format: [end of undergraduate section here]    Junior-year semester at University of East Anglia, Norwich, England (2015) Example of bolded section under undergraduate section: [end of undergraduate section here] Reid Hall, Columbia University, Paris, France Summer Study Abroad (Coursework: 19th Century French Painting, French Language) 7. How long should my resume’s Education section be? Unless you’ve earned five different degrees from five different schools already, your education section generally should take up a maximum of a third of a page. This means it’s important to get Experience to put on your resume and not rely on your Education to get you a job! Implementing these 6 suggestions will give you a great start on the Education section of your resume, making it both efficient and effective. Did these tips help you with your resume? Please comment below.

Social And Cultural Impacts On The Environment Tourism Essays

Social And Cultural Impacts On The Environment Tourism Essays Social And Cultural Impacts On The Environment Tourism Essay Social And Cultural Impacts On The Environment Tourism Essay The Tourism Industry is regarded as one of the most of import and fastest turning industry around the universe. Travel has been of great involvement to people since the beginning of the civilisation. Recently, it has been noted that there has been an addition in tourer s reachings, particularly in little island provinces. Harmonizing to UNWTO, touristry will go on to turn in 2011. Tourism sector has suffered from the planetary fiscal crisis in 2008 and 2009, but thanks to the improved economic conditions worldwide, international touristry has been able to retrieve from the diminution brought in the fiscal crisis. ( United Nations, 2010 ) . The travel and touristry industry is one of the largest and most dynamic industries in the universe and this industry is expected to bring forth about 9 % of planetary GDP and supply for more than 235 million occupations stand foring 8 % of planetary employment ( Merco Press, 2010 ) .The WTO has set up the long-run prognosis of the appraisal of the development of touristry up to the first 20 old ages of the new millenary known as the Tourism 2020 vision.UNWTO s Tourism 2020 vision predicts that international reachings are expected to make over 1.56 billion by the twelvemonth 2020. Of these world-wide reachings in 2020, 1.2 will be intraregional and 0.4 will be long-haul travellers . The top three having parts will be Europe with 717 million tourers, East Asia and the Pacific around 397 million and the Americas with 282 million, followed by the Africa, Middle East and South Asia ( UNWTO, 2011 ) . As such, the tourer will go on to be a booming industry in the coming old ages. Tourism has been described as the smokeless industry that can convey that can convey maximal benefit to a community as compared to other economic activities. Tourism has been viewed as a agency of bettering a community as a better topographic point to populate and bring forthing economic benefits. 2.1 Tourism impacts There are many academic research workers that have been done on the impacts of touristry. Many local communities believe that touristry can excite alteration in societal, cultural, environmental and economic dimensions where touristry activities have had a close connexion with the local communities ( Beeton, 2006 ; Richards A ; Hall, 2000 ) .It is of import to understand and measure touristry impacts so as to keep sustainability and the long-run success of the touristry industry ( Diedrich A ; Garcia-Buades, 2008 ) . Tourism is besides regarded to as the universe s largest industry and regarded as a agency of accomplishing community development ( Sharpley, 2002 ) . As such, it becomes imperative to understand touristry impacts towards the community. Below is a diagram illustrating touristry impacts on the community. Perceived Negative Impacts of Tourism Personal Benefit from Tourism Resident Features Support for Additional Tourism Community Tourism Dependence Perceived Positive Impacts of Tourism Support for Tourism Planning Beginning: Adapted from Perdue, Long and Allen 1990, p.589 In the 21st century, research workers on touristry points out a scope of both positive and negative impacts on the host community as a consequence of touristry development. ( Fredline and Faulkner, 2000 ; Upchurch and Teivane, 2000 ) . Several surveies have been conducted that explain the impacts of touristry on the environment, economic system, society and civilization. Researches done on the impacts of touristry on the society are broad and varied. For illustration, as Ryan ( 1991 ) states that the greatest impacts of touristry will happen when there is a greater spread between the civilization and income degree of both host and tourer. Local s perceptual experiences towards the touristry impacts can change significantly. Harmonizing to Sharma ( 2004 ) , if occupants have more positive attititudes towards touristry impacts, touristry development will be more successful in a community. If occupant s benefit from touristry development they support extra touristry planning and development in a community. By understanding the occupant s perceptual experiences, can assist to entree support for continued touristry development through community capacity edifice. Gursoy A ; Rutherford ( 2004 ) outlines that touristry developers need to see the perceptual experiences and attitudes of occupants before puting in scarce resources. In add-on, apprehension of occupants perceptual experiences towards touristry impacts can besides assist in placing the types of touristry which have the potency for constructing community capacity ( Moscardo, 2008, p.86 ) . On the other manus, assorted surveies show that people who have an economic benefit from touristry perceive more positive impact from it ( Chon, 2000 ) . Economic impacts In the beginning, touristry was encouraged because of its economic impacts. It is extremely accepted that touristry provides economic benefits to the community. The economic impacts of touristry are the most widely researched impacts of touristry on community ( Mason, 2003 ) .Economic impacts are easier to research in a local community because it is little and by and large it is more accessible. Furthermore, touristry can hold positive benefits on local economic systems and a seeable impact on national GDP growing which can be an indispensable constituent for community development and poorness decrease. ( Ashe, 2005 ) . For case, touristry creates employment for locals, investing chances, concern chances, revenue enhancement grosss for authorities and it besides help little and average endeavors for states, parts and communities to spread out ( Ryan,1998 ; Choi A ; Sirakaya, 2005 ; Dyer,2007 ) but on the other manus touristry can hold negative economic impacts on the society such as : excessively much dependence on foreign capital, rising prices, escapes and a low instruction trap for locals ( Giannoni A ; Maupertus, 2007 ) . Yet, more of import is the benefits spread to the occupants of local communities ( Scheyvens, 2001 ) .The economic impacts of touristry are hence, by and large perceived positively by the occupants ( Tatoglu et al ; 2000 ) .For the development of touristry to happen, environment, societies and civilizations at the finish has paid a heavy monetary value. The chief concern is non merely the development but to undertake the challenges posed by the development ( Chaudhary, 2007 ) . Social and cultural impacts Harmonizing to jurisprudence ( 1993, pp.135-164 ) , civilization and society are in a province of changeless alteration because of many factors, notably the rapid advancement in communications and societal interactions that can widen quickly over huge distances. Social impacts refer to alterations in the lives of people who live in finish communities and these impacts are largely associated with occupants and tourers. On the manus, cultural impacts refer to alterations in the humanistic disciplines, artefacts, imposts, rites and architecture of a people and are longer term alterations ensuing from touristry development than other types of development. Social and cultural impacts refer to alterations to resident s mundane experiences every bit good as to their values, manner of life and rational and artistic merchandises. Social and cultural impacts are strongly interrelated and non limited merely to the host country population ( Glasson, 1995, p.34 ) .In many finishs, the nature and traditional significances of civilization may be well changed when civilization is redefined as market portion ( Earrington and Gewertz, 1996 ) . Because of this, a host community may confront cultural jobs of the commercialisation of civilization, faith and the humanistic disciplines together with the abuse of indigeneous civilization as attractive forces and be forced to follow cultural wonts of the tourers, such as their linguistic communication, frock and mode to fulfill visitants ( Cohen, 1979 ) .Another downside of touristry development is seen in many parts of the universe where touristry developments threaten the supplanting of local people. On the other manus, Glasson ( 1995, p.35-36 ) argues that along with the downside of development, there are cultural benefits and intercultural communicating between hosts and visitants that addition good apprehension between them. Without tourers, local civilization and tradition may hold been lost wholly, as there is no market for trad itional merchandises. Environmental impacts Environmental impacts occur as a consequence of touristry development in many parts of the universe as communities struggle to happen an optimum balance between optimum and preservation. Recently, it has been found that touristry activities are extremely dependent on the environment. Research has shown the impacts that touristry has on natural resources ( Green, Hunter and Moore, 2000 ) .Most of the research workers have been conducted on natural or semi-natural countries, with really small research done on urban scenes ( Green, 1990 ) .Specific sites have been examined such as Alpine countries ( Goodman, 1987 ; Rodriguez, 1987 ) , islands ( Wilkinson, 1989 ) , coastal countries ( Martinez-Taberner, Moya and Forteza, 1990 ) . In add-on, most research has been focused around the negative impacts that touristry has on natural resources after the harm has taken place.As such, touristry is ever blamed to be responsible for resource debasement ( Farell and McLellan, 1987 ) .On the other m anus, there are besides positive impacts of touristry associated with the environment. 2.2 The Environmental Impacts of Tourism The environment is likely one of the most of import subscribers to the desirableness and attraction of a finish. Scenic sites, conformable climes and alone landscape characteristics have an of import influence in touristry development and the spacial distribution of touristry motion. ( Coccossis and Nijkamp, 1995, p.4 ) Tourism and the environment are interrelated as touristry is dependent on natural resources to last. There are surveies that have identified both the positive and negative environmental impacts of touristry ( Burns A ; Holden, 1995 ; Puckzo A ; Ratz, 2000 ) . Table 1 can break exemplify both the positive and negative impacts of touristry in a finish country. Table 1 Balance sheet of environmental impacts of touristry Area of consequence Negative impacts Positive impacts Biodiversity Break of breeding/feeding forms Killing of animate beings for leisure ( runing ) or to provide souvenir trade. Loss of home grounds and alteration in species composition Destruction of flora Encouragement to conserve animate beings as attractive forces. Constitution of protected or conserved countries to run into tourist demands Erosion and physical harm Soil eroding Damage to sites through treading Overloading of cardinal substructure ( e.g. H2O supply webs ) Tourism gross to finance land fix and site Restoration Improvement to substructure prompted by tourer demand Pollution Water pollution through sewerage or fuel spillage and trash from pleasance boats Air pollution ( e.g. vehicle emanations ) Noise pollution ( e.g. from vehicles or tourist attractive forces: bars, discos, etc. ) Littering Cleaning programmes to protect the attraction of location to tourers Resource base Depletion of land and surface H2O Diversion of H2O supply to run into tourist demands ( e.g. golf classs or pools ) Depletion of local fuel beginnings Depletion of local building-material beginnings Development of new/improved beginnings of supply Visual/structural alteration Land transportations to touristry ( e.g. from farming ) Damaging ocular impact on natural and non-natural landscapes through touristry development Introduction of new architectural manners Changes in ( urban ) maps Physical enlargement of built-up countries Regeneration and/or modernization of built environment Reuse of obsolete edifices Beginning: Adapted from Hunter and Green ( 1990 ) For the negative impacts of touristry, Puckzo and Ratz ( 2000 ) observed that touristry development that are non well-planned frequently leads to increased emphasis on finishs and in negative alterations in the finish s physical and socio cultural properties. Harmonizing to Wood ( 1991 ) , it is possible to place wide classs of impacts that may impact all finishs. Water pollution is believed to be one of the environmental impacts caused by touristry. It can impact surfaces such as rivers, lakes and oceans. Chemical and oils spills from boats can do annihilating H2O pollution that kills H2O birds, shellfish and other wildlife. Tourists can besides lend to the debasement of the marine life besides through: snorkelling, scuba diving and athletics fishing can endanger piscaries and other marine resources. For illustration, touristry is known to hold contributed to inappropriate development around Lake Tahoe in the United States ( Iverson, Sheppard A ; Strain, 1993 ) and at Pattaya in Th ailand ( Mieczkowski, 1995 ) ; oil pollution in H2O at King George island ( Harris, 1991 ) ; habitat loss, atomization and eroding in Nepal ( Croall, 1995 ) ; devastation of wildlife at Zakynthos in Greece ( Prunier, Sweeney A ; Gree, 1993 ) ; perturbation of animate beings and loss of country for production in Kenya ( Sindiga A ; Kannunah, 1999 ) . Apart from the ingestion of big sums of natural resources, the touristry industry besides produces considerable waste and pollution. In fact, disposal of liquid and solid waste generated by the touristry industry has posed a job for many developing states and some states are incapable of handling these waste stuffs. This has led to cut downing the handiness of natural resources such as fresh H2O. For illustration, in Kerala province the tourer industry collapses after two decennaries of fast growing because there was unequal disposal of solid waste. Tourists besides contribute to set down pollution from solid waste and the taint of Marine Waterss and coastal countries from pollution generated by marinas, hotels and sail ships. Furthermore, the tourer industry uses high degree of energy ingestion in hotels including: air-conditioning, warming and cookery every bit good as transit which can do air pollution in many host states. Air and noise pollution as well congestions are likely to ensue from tourer development. Tourism activities which are non decently controlled can besides do terrible break of wildlife home grounds and increased force per unit area on endangered species. For illustration, in Africa s national Parkss tourers vehicles approach wild animate beings and really frequently deflect them from runing and genteelness, in the carribean sea there are even boat crews that pursue giants and mahimahis and as such discourage petting which tends to upset the animate being s eating and behavior ( Masny,2001 ) . In add-on, touristry besides leads to the clearance of native flora for the development of new installations, new substructure and tourer development. There is an addition in demand for fuelwood and even forest fires. This consequences non merely in the devastation of local home grounds and ecosystems but besides in the procedures of eroding and landslide. Fragile countries such as: woods, wet lands and Rhizophora mangles are besides threatened by touristry activities. On the other side, touristry contributes to the positive benefits of the environment. Doswell ( 1997 ) argues that touristry lays accent to conserve and protect the environment. Tourism besides draws attending to topics sing biodiversity, endangered species and human impacts on the environment. Tourism is besides used as a agency to continue natural countries instead than to develop them for alternate utilizations such as: agribusiness, forestry and excavation ( Master, 1998 ) . Tourism can lend to the preservation of sensitive countries and home ground. For illustration, in Ghana touristry has helped in keeping the natural militias. Tourists can assist towards environmental protection, preservation and biological diverseness and sustainable usage of natural resources. In this manner, natural countries become valuable and this can take to creative activity of national Parkss and wildlife parks.Revenue received from park-entrance fees can be allocated to pay for the protection and dir ection of sensitive countries. On the manus, in some topographic points authorities collect money from tourers in indirect ways. For illustration: user revenue enhancement, gross revenues or diversion of rental equipment and licence fees for runing and fishing can supply authorities with the proper fund needed to pull off natural resources and to finance substructure. Tourism encourages cleaning programmes, and this reduces the damaging Another alteration that can impact touristry is climate alteration. Climate impact is considered as the effects of clime alteration on natural and human systems ( IPCC, 2001 ) . Climate impacts can be for illustration: the primary productiveness of an ecosystem, snow cover deepness. For illustration, a Bigano ( 2006 ) stimulates the effects of development and clime alteration on touristry. Climate alteration could negatively impact states and parts that depend to a great extent on touristry. 2.3 Resident s perceptual experiences towards touristry For the long-run success of the touristry industry, it is imperative to understand and measure occupant s attitudes towards the impact of touristry development ( Ap,1992 ; Ritchie and Inkari, 2006 ) . Sustainable touristry development can be achieved usually when all stakeholders are involved in the procedure ( Bryd, 2007 ) . Sustainable touristry believes that the community is the focal point of touristry and planning procedure ( Choi and Sirakaya, 2005 ) .In add-on, look intoing the occupant s perceptual experiences towards touristry is of import because it act upon their behavior towards touristry ( Andriotis and Vaughan, 2003 ) . Studies show that the perceptual experiences of occupants towards touristry differ toward touristry development. Sustainable touristry development mostly depends on the host s acceptableness of tourers and tourism-related plans, offerings and activities by locals ( Musa, Hall, and Higham 2004 ) . The active support of the local population is required for touristry development to happen in a community. One index that affect s touristry development in a finish is the host attitude ( Lepp, 2007 ) . In a finish country, the attitudes of the tourers and occupants are taken into history. Another factor that is likely to act upon the negative and positive impacts of tourer s finish is resident s fond regard to community. Some research workers, Canan and Hennessy ( 1989 ) states that the longer the occupants live in a community, the more negative they are towards touristry development. The lengths of residence of locals have a direct impact on touristry development. There are several surveies that have been conducted to explicate the occupant s perceptual experience s towards touristry impacts and how far occupants support touristry development in a community. Theories such as the ascription theory ( Pearce, 1989 ) ; dependence theory ( Preister, 2008 ) , the societal representation theory ( Andriotis A ; Vaughan, 2003 ) , Butler s ( 1980 ) tourer country life rhythm, Doxey s Irridex theoretical account, the intrinsic and extrinsic model ( Faulkner A ; Tideswell, 1997 ) and the societal exchange theory ( SET ) ( Ap, 1982 ) have been developed in an effort to better understand the host perceptual experiences towards touristry. However, it is the Set that have received the greatest attending by bookmans trying to analyze occupant s attitudes towards touristry and their support towards touristry development. ( Gursoy A ; Rutherford, 2004 ; Sirakaya, Teye, A ; Sonmez, 2002 ) . However there are besides other popular theories such as: Butler s Area Life Cycle ( 1980, Doxey s Irritation Index, the extrinsic/intrinsic theoretical account ( Faulkner and Tideswell 1997 ) which describe the host-tourist relation. 2.3.1Social Exchange Theory In a touristry context, societal exchange theory would intend an exchange of resources between the tourers and the host population where each of the supply each other with valued resources ( Ap, 1992, p.668 ) . SET implies that occupants who gain benefits from the touristry industry are likely to comprehend the industry as positive and therefore back up tourer industry, while those who perceive themselves incurring costs because of touristry would expose negative attitudes towards touristry thereby opposing such development. The SET theory is the most common type of theory used to measure touristry impacts in a peculiar finish. Social exchange theory steadfastly believes that a demand exists to mensurate the degree of active engagement of occupants in the planning and development procedure associated with touristry development ( Wang A ; Pister, 2008 ) . In the touristry literature, several surveies have been conducted and which explained the theory of occupant s perceptual experien ces and appraisals of the costs and benefits of touristry and their support for touristry development. In simpler words, societal exchange theory supports that occupants calculate the costs and benefits of touristry development, and their attempt for touristry development ( Ap, 1992 ; Yoon 2001 ) . As such occupants become cognizant of the positive and negative impacts of touristry and can make up ones mind whether to back up or non to back up touristry development. Figure1: Factors impacting occupant s attitudes towards tourers EXTRINSIC DIMENSION INTRINSIC DIMENSION Time period of Residence Mature State of Development Early Phase of Development Long Term Holocene Arrival High Tourist Ratio Adapted Non- adapteddd Employment Lifestyle Choice Low Tourist Ratio Percept of Tourism + International Tourism Orientation Domestic Tourism Orientation No Yes Non-Tourism Zone Tourism Zone High Seasonality Low Seasonality Residential Proximity Engagement Beginning: Faulkner and Tideswell ( 1997 ) 2.3.2 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Model Numerous surveies have identified the factors that affect occupant s perceptual experiences.Such factors have been used in the touristry literature to depict touristry impacts ( Jurowski A ; Gursoy, 2004 ) . These are intrinsic and extrinsic variables ( Faulkner A ; Tideswell, 1997, Fredline A ; Faulkner, 2000, p.765 ) . The intrinsic variables refer to the features of the host community that affect the impacts of touristry with the host community ( Faulkner A ; Tideswell, 1997, p.6 ) and includes factors such as: employment, length of abode, propinquity to tourist zones and engagement within the touristry industry. Length of residence affect touristry development in a community, native Born of the community have been found to hold more negative perceptual experience of touristry development because they are attached to that topographic point ( Madrigal, 1995 ) . On the other manus, Bisle and Hoy ( 1980 ) found a positive relationship between distance of abode from the tourer zon e and perceptual experiences. As respects to community fond regard, surveies showed that the longer a host has been a occupant in the country ; as such they become less affiliated to touristry ( Weaver, 2001 ) . Residents who are dependent and involved in the touristry sector are more likely to hold positive attitudes towards touristry ( Linderb, 1997 ) . The intrinsic variable shows that the host community is non homogenous but instead heterogenous significance that the perceptual experiences of touristry differ among the occupants ( Andriotis A ; Vaughan, 2003 ; Faulkner A ; Tideswell, 1997 ; Fredline A ; Faulkner, 2000 ) . The extrinsic factors are the features of a location with regard to its function as a tourer finish including the nature and phase of tourer activity and the types of tourers involved ( Faulkner A ; Tideswell, 1997, p.6 ) .The extrinsic factors that are likely to act upon host attitudes towards touristry is the phase of touristry development happening in a finish ( Andriotis A ; Vaughan, 2003 ) as argued by Butler ( 1980 ) and Doxey ( 1975 ) . The extrinsic factors are: seasonality, type of tourers, peculiar phase of development, the tourer guest-ratio ( Doxey, 1973 ; pantryman, 1980 ; Ap, 1983 ) .Seasonality affect a finish, during peak seasons there is high flow of tourers ensuing in economic rising prices, traffic congestion and this affect the occupants manner of lives on the other manus, occupants who are dependent on touristry are likely to digest these riotous conditions. ( Rothman, 1978 ; Beliste, 1980 ; Sheldon, 1984 ) .The type of tourers is another factor that affects occupant s perceptual experiences of touristry. Some tourers are independent travelers while others depend on locals, they try adjust with locals they accept the hosts local conditions ( Amir, 1985 ; Page 2003 ) . In understanding occupant s perceptual experiences towards touristry, the phase of development is considered among the most of import factors. To better exemplify this issue, it was of import to look into Butler s Tourism Destination Lifecycle Model. 2.3.3 Butler s Area Life Cycle Another theoretical account in respect to the host-tourist finish is Butler s Area Lifecycle Model. Although that this theoretical account dates three decennaries, it is still academically recognized. Butler ( 1980 ) believes that tourer countries evolve and change over clip. Harmonizing to this development, the phases that tourist countries experience are: geographic expedition, engagement, development, consolidation, stagnancy, diminution or greening. Using a life-cycle theoretical account, Butler describes the occupant and tourer engagement in finish country. Unlike merchandises, finishs have a lifecycle excessively. Figure 2 illustrates the lifecycle of a finish. ] Figure 2 Hypothetical Evolution of a Tourist Area ( Adapted from Miller and Gallucci, 2004 ) Using a life-cycle theoretical account, Butler describes the occupant and tourer engagement in finish country. Unlike merchandises, finishs have a lifecycle excessively. Furthermore, Butler has besides explained why touristry leads to unsustainability. By utilizing the illustration of the life-cycle theoretical account, he describes how a little group of tourers explore a natural attractive force by affecting local occupants and doing subsequent development of the country. With clip, the figure of tourers grows, finally taking to mass touristry. And if the touristry merchandises are non rejuvenated, stagnancy occurs at the finish and there is a autumn through over-consumption of touristry merchandises which is beyond the transporting capacity of the finish. ( including inauspicious effects on the environment ) Butler besides focuses that if there is no proper direction and control, environment debasement is inevitable one time transporting capacity has been reached and so exceeded do ing mass touristry unsustainable. As noted by Jamison ( 1999 ) , at the stagnancy phase, locals have begun to show some discontent with touristry and its effects. When a finish develops, unmet occupant s outlooks and other negative impacts of development are besides likely to ensue in alterations and attitudes towards the industry. ( Teye, Sonmez and Sirakaya, 2002 ) . The TALC S-shaped curve has besides been used to depict the host-guest dichotomy- from the exhilaration of the potency of touristry through to resentment of tourers, ensuing from transcending local societal carrying capacity. However, certain restrictions have been found in Butler s theoretical account. It has been pointed out that the theoretical account assumes a grade of homogeneousness of community reactions ( Mason and Cheyne, 2000 ) , but Butler denies by stating a consistent development of tourist country can be conceptualized .Tosun ( 2002 ) suggests that this theoretical account applies to specific countr ies and non all areasbecause the rhythm varies from one tourer country to another. 2.3.4 Doxey s Irritation Index Associated with Butler s life rhythm theory is Doxey s Irritation Index or Irridex which describes the resident-tourist interaction and attitude. This theoretical account explains host community reaction to touristry development in a specific country. The theoretical account outlines that negative impacts of touristry development might do occupants experience irritated as with clip host and tourists become incompatible with each other. The theoretical account has four phases which vary from euphory, apathy, irritation and to hostility. Although Doxey s ( 1975 ) irridex is regarded as one of the most influential theory has been get downing from Euphoria to Antagonism, where the resident annoyance additions through the phases 1 to 4. ( 1=low irritation,4=high degree of annoyance ) . One restriction of this theory and that of Butler besides, is the premise a community is heterogenous. The survey implies that is the whole community that becomes hostile to touristry, but really frequently different subdivisions of the community have different reactions. It can be concluded that the Doxey Irritation Index is simple but it does bespeak a factor in touristry development and by these societal alterations some occupants will develop counter attitudes towards touristry. 2.4 Resident s perceptual experiences towards touristry environmental impacts The environment is one of the chief country in which occupants assess the possible impacts of touristry before they decide to encompass or reject it. Harmonizing to Kuvan and Akan ( 2005, p.703 ) occupants are more sensitive and concerned for jobs related to the environment than the other negative impacts of touristry. Following this, Liu, Sheldon, and Var ( 1987 ) reported that occupants have high evaluations for environmental impacts. Harmonizing to Mieczkowski ( 1995, p.8 ) defines the natural environment as a combination of inanimate things, that is, abiotic, physical constituents together with biological resources or the biosphere including vegetations and zoologies. Kuvan and Akan ( 2005 ) describes scholars involvements in look intoing into community attitudes towards touristry impact on the natural environment at a clip when ecological jobs such as: pollution, depletion of natural resources and deforestation are increasing. This means that mountaineous countries, Savannah, wetlands, comeuppances, islands and the artic have biophysical features that cause harm to the natural environment. These delicate countries when disturbed, usually have comparatively slow rates of recovery ( Harrison A ; Price, 1996 ) . The focal point on environmental impacts emerged from occupants perceived impacts of the environmental impacts and other touristry impacts such as economic and societal impacts of touristry has lagged behind. ( Kuvan A ; Akan, 2005 ) .Moreover, there is a deficiency of information on occupant s sensed environmental impacts of touristry in developing states ( Kuvan A ; Akan, 2005 ; Madrgal, 1993 ) . It is an in agreement fact that touristry is believed to hold a far more seeable consequence in rural countries and developing contries than urban countries and possibly touristry has a greater consequence on rural occupants ( Madrigal, 1993, p.337 ) , surveies related to resident s perceptual experiences of the environment has focused more on finishs, communities and parts in developed states instead than on developing states. Apart from this, Schluter and Var ( 1988 ) observed that there are some issues that are particular to developing states. Furthermore, a proper analysis of the occ upant s sensed environmental impacts of touristry could assist contrivers and touristry practicians to place e

Company Law 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Company Law 2 - Essay Example 5. Regulation 66 of Table A is amended by replacing 'but shall not be entitled to receive any remuneration from the company for his services as an alternate director' with the following sentence: 'An alternate director shall not be entitled to remuneration from the company for his services as an alternate director except that he may be paid by the company such part of the remuneration otherwise payable to his appointor as the appointor specifies by notice to the company'. 6. Regulation 72 of Table A is amended by replacing the first sentence with the following: 'The directors may delegate any of their powers to a committee consisting of such persons as they think fit provided that a majority of the members of the committee are directors'. 7. Regulation 81 of Table A is amended by replacing paragraph (e) with: 'he fails to attend three successive board meetings despite a notice being given to him prior to the third meeting that the provisions of this paragraph might apply and all the other directors (excluding the director concerned and, in his capacity as such, any alternate director appointed by the director) resolve that his office should be vacated'. (b) The 2006 annual general meeting of Vunce Ltd... s despite a notice being given to him prior to the third meeting that the provisions of this paragraph might apply and all the other directors (excluding the director concerned and, in his capacity as such, any alternate director appointed by the director) resolve that his office should be vacated'. PROCEEDINGS OF DIRECTORS 8. Regulation 89 of Table A is amended by adding after 'unless so fixed at any other number shall be two' the words 'except when there is a sole director in which event he shall constitute a quorum'. Please answer the following questions on the meaning and effect of the articles of association. (a) The directors wish to sign a unanimous written resolution instead of holding a board meeting. Which resolution, if any, allows them to do this This can be done via an ordinary resolution of a simple majority, which is fine because it is unanimous. (b) The 2006 annual general meeting of Vunce Ltd is due to start in the Islington Business Design Centre at 9.00 am, Monday 15 May 2006. After 33 minutes there is still no quorum. The directors are prepared to follow the articles for arranging the adjourned meeting except that they have decided that the meeting shall start at 10.30 am to allow for possible transport delays in the morning. State the actual time, date and place of the adjourned meeting: Islington Business Design Centre at 10:30am Monday 15th May 2006 (c) What is the quorum for general meetings according to the articles of association Three persons entitled to vote on the business to be transacted, being a member or a proxy for a member or a duly authorized representative of a corporation, shall be a quorum'. (d) Apart from members, who may attend and speak at separate class meetings The persons entitled to attend and speak at general meetings

SWOT Analysis of Zara and Benetton Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SWOT Analysis of Zara and Benetton - Term Paper Example SWOT Analysis of BenettonStrengthsWorldwide renowned brand.Financially stability.A good relationship with labors and suppliers.High-quality products.WeaknessesThe controversial way of advertising.Expensive products.Limited global markets reach except US. OpportunitiesThreatsOnline retail.Adoption of cost leadership strategy.Stable international market demand.Global Diversification. Saturated clothing market increasing market competition.Economic crisis.Comparing and contrasting the SWOT of Zara and BenettonThe strengths of Zara and Benetton are quite similar i.e. high brand value and high turnover. The weakness of Zara and Benetton are bit different. Zara’s weakness is inadequate promotional activities. On the other hand, Benetton’s weakness is lack of strong presence in emerging markets. Manufacturing and distribution center of Zara is centralized. The opportunity of Zara is to adopt online marketing and decentralize the distribution process. The opportunity of Benetto n is to diversify into the emerging markets and adopt cost leadership strategy. Threats of Zara and Benetton are the similar i.e. threat of new entrants and price war on similar categories among the firms. In case of Zara, the prices of the apparel are lower-middle ranged which is their strength. But in case of Benetton, the prices of apparel are middle-high ranged which can be considered as their weakness.

Commerce law in the land of Middle Kingdom Research Paper

Commerce law in the land of Middle Kingdom - Research Paper Example In order to successfully conduct business in China, the IBs must traverse a, at times, thorny path of ethical and social culture challenges. Elements that influence Differences in Social Culture Values, and ethics drive what shape the social culture of given country will be in. Culture is a collection of widely accepted values, ethics, and beliefs held by the group. For example, Chinese culture is very heavily influenced by Confucius beliefs and values of collectivism, group over individualism. Chinese culture takes a very hierarchical structure of social life, cultivation of morality and self-restraint, and the emphasis on hard work and achievement (Fogel, 2010).  With each country, place or group, these elements change which results in a variation or difference in social culture. However as time goes by, whether through external factors or driven by necessities of survival, these values, beliefs and ethics will evolve which will result in a change within the social culture. Busin ess and economic implications of differences in culture and values How business and economics function is different in every place. Differences in culture and values are one of the primary reasons behind this simple fact. What is considered acceptable in one country is not acceptable in another (most stated example, bribes). Economic policies are driven by culture and values while business conduct is governed by cultural norms and common practices found within the group. At times the difference in culture and values can become a barrier to conducting business. International business and trade is similar to dancing a very carefully choreographed dance except that one dance is interpreted different in each country. A failure to adhere to the steps in that dance in a given country could be the difference between a disastrous business venture and a successful entry into an international market. Culture and values drive the principals and influence the manner in which business is conduct ed and economics are established. Social culture’s influence on work place values Social culture will define what is considered acceptable and appropriate at a work place. It will shape the policy at work and define the roll of given individuals and importance of their place amongst the ranks, as well as guidelines for conducting business. Given the hierarchical nature of Chinese culture, the rank of an individual employee plays a very important role within the organization (Fogel, 2010).  Social culture and aspects of social life norms will also influence how business is conducted on the domestic and international stage. The principal of Guanxi – concept of drawing on connections – is an important aspect of Chinese culture. It’s based on the principal of creating a personal network on the basis of favors, associations (belonging to the same trade association or group) and other social connections (same city of origin, close association through years of working together). At times companies have been unable to conduct business with some form of guanxi. Luo (2007, p 7) talks about how cosmetics manufacturer Avon, initially, unable to convince the Chinese government about the viability of its direct marketing method, requested the assistance of Hong Kong’s Bank of East Asia director David Li. Li is known for having a very well known and influential guanxi with ties into the central Chinese government, which he used to assist Avon in establishing a communication link and push through a deal between Avon and

Pre-modernism and visuals from Harry Potter Research Paper

Pre-modernism and visuals from Harry Potter - Research Paper Example The essay "Premodernism - Epic Harry Potter Tribute" analyzes video "Epic Harry Potter Tribute" in the context of postmodernism. The video is created by Barney Barnicle. It starts with the depiction of the Diagon Alley with all its magic – plenty of wizards, owls and all the atmosphere. Then all fades out to show the Great Hall just after. There are many candles in the air that shed light on the multitude of magicians sitting; it is the first time Harry and his friends are in Hogwarts. Then other locations, the corridor and the Gringotts bank inside – its hidden hall, located deeply under the ground with its great poster and famous statues. Transformed heroes meet bad people, including Dolores Ambridge. The next shot show the joint photo of the members of Order of Phoenix; it provides closer view to show Harry’s parents and his godfather Sirius Blake, Remus Lupin and the betrayer Peter Pettigrew. Further the viewer may see the gathering of the Dumbledore’s Army – which is a kind of direct consequence from the Order of Phoenix. First we see the leaders, Harry is in the middle, of course. Then there are other people shown; Cho Chang is in the focus of attention – she was the first love of Harry Potter. Then we see Tom Riddle’s appearance – and his Voldemort attraction. The diary, bright artifact of the second film about the Chamber of Secrets is shown with the first message from Tom Riddle to Harry Potter. After that we see horcruxes and the voice speaks about their importance.

Business Law 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business Law 7 - Essay Example The ferns were liable because they were active in business operations. Explanation: Signal, Co had an appraiser who valued its subsidiary at $230 million to $260 million. Another company, Burma Oil offered to buy the subsidiary at $480 million. Signal’s board of directors accepted the offer. Signal Co.’s shareholder sued Signal to prevent sale. Rule: The board of directors violated the business judgment rule, by accepting the offer without getting the approval from other shareholders. An injunction is necessary until both parties determine the company’s value. The Eisner case is only one of the many cases that show how companies are generous to some employees even when they have underperformed. In the course of 14 months that Michael Ovitz had worked, he did not increase foreign revenues and he also lacked experience when it came to managing a diversified public company. Ovitz was excessively compensated by the compensation Board of directors, who had not consulted the shareholders of Disney. It was not only a waste of corporate finances, but the board violated the business judgment rule. This problem is widespread in companies where employees are favored by some team members in the management. The most viable solution for this issue would be to compensate a little amount of severance pay to an employee after consulting all shareholders in a

Human Resource Management in Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human Resource Management in Context - Essay Example The paper would therefore analyse scholars’ assertion that contemporary trend in HR considerably promotes organizational strategic interests over employees interests (Van Buran, Greenwood & Shehan, 2011). The post industrialization period saw massive changes in the work paradigm. The Ford model became important scientific approach to labour management resulting in greater mechanized production process. While Taylor had identified skills and training for specific job outcome, Fordism was distinct in its managerial control and incentive driven mass production (Rose, 1975; Benyon, 1973). The model proved to be deficient in addressing the needs and requirements of the workers and was later replaced by human relations that took cognizant of workers’ socio-psychological needs. This was vital shift in the human capital employed within production units and businesses which had identified and used human factor as important ingredient of higher work outcome (Cannel, 2004). In the post war era, the emergence of labour union gave huge impetus to employees’ rights and fair working conditions. The concern for workers led to state legislations and organizational policies vis-Ã  -vis employees work conditions, wages, recognizing their rights etc. In the late 1990s, the technology and transforming socio-economic and political dynamics necessitated reconceptualization of employees and employers’ relationship (Hattam, 1993). The rise of Margaret Thatcher in UK witnessed significant change to individualism from collectivism that introduced the term human resource management which primarily indicated more emphatic role of management in the workers’ welfare and output (Lupton & Shaw, 2001). The HRM was deemed as important facilitator between workers and employers that incorporated various human resources activities like recruitment, performance, change management,

Pre-modernism and visuals from Harry Potter Research Paper

Pre-modernism and visuals from Harry Potter - Research Paper Example The essay "Premodernism - Epic Harry Potter Tribute" analyzes video "Epic Harry Potter Tribute" in the context of postmodernism. The video is created by Barney Barnicle. It starts with the depiction of the Diagon Alley with all its magic – plenty of wizards, owls and all the atmosphere. Then all fades out to show the Great Hall just after. There are many candles in the air that shed light on the multitude of magicians sitting; it is the first time Harry and his friends are in Hogwarts. Then other locations, the corridor and the Gringotts bank inside – its hidden hall, located deeply under the ground with its great poster and famous statues. Transformed heroes meet bad people, including Dolores Ambridge. The next shot show the joint photo of the members of Order of Phoenix; it provides closer view to show Harry’s parents and his godfather Sirius Blake, Remus Lupin and the betrayer Peter Pettigrew. Further the viewer may see the gathering of the Dumbledore’s Army – which is a kind of direct consequence from the Order of Phoenix. First we see the leaders, Harry is in the middle, of course. Then there are other people shown; Cho Chang is in the focus of attention – she was the first love of Harry Potter. Then we see Tom Riddle’s appearance – and his Voldemort attraction. The diary, bright artifact of the second film about the Chamber of Secrets is shown with the first message from Tom Riddle to Harry Potter. After that we see horcruxes and the voice speaks about their importance.

Human Resource Management in Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human Resource Management in Context - Essay Example The paper would therefore analyse scholars’ assertion that contemporary trend in HR considerably promotes organizational strategic interests over employees interests (Van Buran, Greenwood & Shehan, 2011). The post industrialization period saw massive changes in the work paradigm. The Ford model became important scientific approach to labour management resulting in greater mechanized production process. While Taylor had identified skills and training for specific job outcome, Fordism was distinct in its managerial control and incentive driven mass production (Rose, 1975; Benyon, 1973). The model proved to be deficient in addressing the needs and requirements of the workers and was later replaced by human relations that took cognizant of workers’ socio-psychological needs. This was vital shift in the human capital employed within production units and businesses which had identified and used human factor as important ingredient of higher work outcome (Cannel, 2004). In the post war era, the emergence of labour union gave huge impetus to employees’ rights and fair working conditions. The concern for workers led to state legislations and organizational policies vis-Ã  -vis employees work conditions, wages, recognizing their rights etc. In the late 1990s, the technology and transforming socio-economic and political dynamics necessitated reconceptualization of employees and employers’ relationship (Hattam, 1993). The rise of Margaret Thatcher in UK witnessed significant change to individualism from collectivism that introduced the term human resource management which primarily indicated more emphatic role of management in the workers’ welfare and output (Lupton & Shaw, 2001). The HRM was deemed as important facilitator between workers and employers that incorporated various human resources activities like recruitment, performance, change management,

Midterm Exam Essay Example for Free

Midterm Exam Essay Utopian Stories After reading the short stories thought this semester, I have found that many of the Utopian stories are thematically the same. A Utopian story is a short story or novel in which someone pays the cost for perfection in society. There are three short stories that are most thematically alike those are: The Lottery by Shirley Jackson in 1948; The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas by Ursula K. Le Guin in 1975; and Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut Jr. in 1961. I have chosen these three stories because someone pays the cost in each of these stories and the results in each of them are the same. The elements of plot, characterizations, settings and symbols of each of these stories are alike. The story The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is about village who stones a villager, old or young, once a year, for good crops and harvest. This person is chosen by a draw from a box. As in the lottery, the short story entitled The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas by Ursula K Le Guin is about a community that isolates and eglects a child for a perfect community and in Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut Jr. he community is restrained by handicaps so that everyone can be equally perfect. All of these stories plots have the one person that is tortured or killed for everyone elses happiness. Someone has to die or be neglected for perfection, they become sacrifices and not willingly. They are chosen unfairly or are held back of their gifts. The characterizations in each of these stories are simply innocent. None of the main characters had a choice and if they rebelled they were still put to death. In The Lottery Mrs. Hutchinson seems to be a normal mother and a great wife. She was doing as women in that time should have done, and she was late because she was doing the dishes. She was innocent. In The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas a young boy is neglected and frowned upon as a sacrifice. It is not said that this boy had done anything to deserve this, or that he was chosen because of his behavior. He was innocent and very young, most likely pure. In Harrison Bergeron both the mother and father were a normal family however the father had to wear a handicap to make im less intelligent and Harrison was a normal boy that was smart and talented however he disagreed and paid a cost. I believe that all the characters were treated unfairly. They all seemed to be nice and normal. The settings and Symbols of each of the stories are in a small village or community. A smaller community is easier to control and persuade. I think that the symbols are similar they are all restraints in a way or isolation. Stones were used in the lottery and when thinking of a stone I think of something cold and hard and very uncomfortable. In the Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas they used a basement to keep the boy in. When thinking of a basement I think of a dark cold place also very hard and uncomfortable. In Harrison Bergeron they used handicaps that were probably uncomfortable and the loud sounds in their all very uncomfortable. In conclusion I believe that these three stories were all thematically alike. The Lottery, The Ones Who Walk away from Omelas, and Harrison Bergeron were all great stories and I would recommend them to anyone who would like to read a utopian story.