Free Essays on Media And Politics

It is a sensible desire that the media will assemble the realities and report the news reasonably, precisely and dependably. The American open depends on the media for a lot of its data. â€Å"The job of the press in American legislative issues has become a significant wellspring of conversation and contention in late years† (Davis, 1). The inquiry brought up in this paper is, â€Å"Does the media present the news decently, precisely, and completely?† The short answer is no, the long answer will be analyzed all through the accompanying exposition. This exposition will look at the media and its impact and consequences for legislative issues and government. â€Å"Publick Occurrences† was the primary paper to show up in provincial America. This distribution starts the historical backdrop of the media and its impacts on legislative issues and government in America. The paper was struck down not long after being distributed and its distributers captured. Without the insurance of the First Amendment, papers had minimal possibility of endurance; particularly on the off chance that they were disparaging of set up power. The main effectively distributed American paper came very nearly fifteen years after the fact in 1704. It was entitled the â€Å"Boston News-Letter†. A few different papers came into course in provincial America and not long before the Revolution there were twenty-four papers available for use. Articles in frontier papers were a significant wellspring of political weight in moving general conclusion from compromise with England to finish political autonomy. Along these lines started the historical backdrop of the media impact in America and its consequences for American government and legislative issues. The quantity of printed papers in America kept on developing and before the finish of the Revolution there were around forty-three papers accessible to general society. They assumed a significant job, educating people in general, in the political issues of the youthful country. In 1791 the Bill of Rights was passed making sure about the opportunity of the press. Ensured by the First ... Free Essays on Media And Politics Free Essays on Media And Politics It is a sensible desire that the media will assemble the realities and report the news reasonably, precisely and capably. The American open depends on the media for a lot of its data. â€Å"The job of the press in American legislative issues has become a significant wellspring of conversation and contention in ongoing years† (Davis, 1). The inquiry brought up in this paper is, â€Å"Does the media present the news decently, precisely, and completely?† The short answer is no, the long answer will be analyzed all through the accompanying exposition. This paper will look at the media and its impact and consequences for legislative issues and government. â€Å"Publick Occurrences† was the main paper to show up in pioneer America. This distribution starts the historical backdrop of the media and its consequences for legislative issues and government in America. The paper was struck down not long after being distributed and its distributers captured. Without the security of the First Amendment, papers had minimal possibility of endurance; particularly on the off chance that they were disparaging of set up power. The main effectively distributed American paper came very nearly fifteen years after the fact in 1704. It was entitled the â€Å"Boston News-Letter†. A few different papers came into dissemination in provincial America and not long before the Revolution there were twenty-four papers available for use. Articles in provincial papers were a significant wellspring of political weight in moving popular conclusion from compromise with England to finish political freedom. Subsequently started the historical backdrop of the media impact in America and its consequences for American government and legislative issues. The quantity of printed papers in America kept on developing and before the finish of the Revolution there were around forty-three papers accessible to people in general. They assumed a significant job, advising people in general, in the political issues of the youthful country. In 1791 the Bill of Rights was passed making sure about the opportunity of the press. Ensured by the First ...

The player Maradona Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The player Maradona - Essay Example Which clubs did Maradona play for in his dynamic football life? What are the honors that Maradona has won in his expert football life? Which clubs has the previous football player overseen after his retirement from playing football? I utilized research materials accessible on the sites as cited in the reference area of the paper. The exploration materials depict the football vocation of Diego Armando Maradona from his childhood profession until he resigned from proficient football. The examination is kept to the football profession of Diego Armando Maradona to both the football vocation of Diego Armando Maradona both at club level and global vocation. A few pieces of the pursuit hindered me. One of them is time confinement. The time assigned for this examination was insufficient that made me, as the scientist, to work under tension. Additionally, I was looked by the confinement of inadequate materials with dependable data from where I could get the information. A few pieces of the ex ploration procedure started a forward leap. One of them is that I had the option to recover data from different sources that are not accessible on online media, for example, the books in printed structure. Besides, I had the option to get data from papers accessible from the libraries that had segments concentrating on the football vocation of the player. ... From the examination, I understood that, Diego Armando Maradona started his expert football life at 16 years old with Argentinos Juniors where he played somewhere in the range of 1976 and 1981. At the club, Maradona scored 115 objectives for the club in 167 appearances and helped the club win a few honors including the association title. After 1981, Maradona was moved to Boca Juniors football club in Brazil for an expense of 1 million pounds ( Maradona and Weinstein 5). In 1982, Maradona and Boca Juniors Football Club won their first group title. An English club, Sheffield United, made an offer for $180,000 for the administrations of Maradona yet the offer was dismissed. In 1982 after the World Cup, Maradona was moved to FC Barcelona for a record charge of $5 million. The club won Copa Del Rey, a Spanish yearly national cup rivalry by beating Real Madrid in the finals, and won the Spanish Super Cup that year subsequent to beating Athletic Bilbao in the finals. Maradona won the partic ular honors for his endeavors in helping the club win these rivalries (Deutsch 5: Cockcroft and Cardona 2). As indicated by Burns, 47, after a progression of wrangles at the club, Maradona was moved to Napoli Football Club for a record charge of $ 6.9 million of every 1984. It is at this club Maradona arrived at the pinnacle of his vocation. At the club, Maradona turned into a worshiped figure and a fans most loved where he raised the club to its best period ever. He helped the club win the Serie An Italian title in 1986/87 season just as the 1989/90 Serie An Italian title. In addition, Diego Maradona helped the club to rise as the principal sprinter up in 1987/88 and 1988/89. Aside from the class, Maradona helped Napoli Football Club to win

The Risks of Candidates Climbing Back Down the Corporate Ladder

The Risks of Candidates Climbing Back Down the Corporate Ladder While there’s a lot of talk about going up the ladder in the corporate world, it seems that few people ever consider the possibility of climbing back down.It’s as though our brains are programmed to strive for career growth only, which, admittedly, can be a good thing, but not necessarily.What good is the ladder if you can’t climb back down, right?It seems that there’s an innate optimism that feasts on our ambition and motivates us to excel at what we do.Naturally, we expect to reap the fruits of our labor, but for many reasons, the season can be less than a successful one.While optimism is a great and possibly the only attitude that propels you to succeed, it can also backfire.If you become obsessed with the idea of success so much that you’re unable to process the possibility of failure, you’re threatened by your own mindset.DOWNSIDE OF AMBITIONIt depends on the sector you’re working in of course, but everything cannot always be foreseen and accounted for.Sometimes th ings just get out of your hands and it’s up to the elements or higher powers to decide on the fate of the crops so to speak.That’s why, if you’re dependent on the idea that the only possibility of moving is an upward one, what happens can catch you off guard.There are many people who excel at climbing the ladder, but they don’t know how to stop or climb down.For those people, climbing down necessarily means falling and it’s often a disgraceful taboo in the corporate world. That sort of megalomania has a self-destruct button installed.People who consider stepping down to be shameful, are bound to trip sometime as all people do.Since they don’t know how to take a fall, they take so much more time and energy to get up.It’s not to say that employees bent on success are less capable, it’s just that they are more prone to perceive a simple step back as a catastrophe.In other words, their motivation is unstable and their willpower is fragile as they depend on fixed ideas ab out success in terms of business and wealth.Whether you’re climbing down voluntarily or you’re a superior that has to assign an employee to a “lower” position in the great pyramid, you need to be able to understand the corporate ladder.It’s used to ascend as well as descend and neither way is fixed and permanent so make the best out of it.Both ascending and descending the ladder have their perks and disadvantages so it’s best to keep them in mind.Since people usually tend to climb up, there are some risks to making candidates climb down the corporate ladder involuntarily:DEMOTIVATIONAn employee who worked hard to get promoted might be severely disappointed in himself/herself or the employer if his expectations are thwarted.You don’t have to be a shrink to know that, when you expect something and put your back into it, but don’t get any results whatsoever, you don’t tend to reinvest the same amount of energy you did before.Sometimes numbers demand demotions but make sure it’s an economic necessity before you make your move.If the demotion is unfair, it’s a sure way of making the employees slack. Discontent in a corporate world spreads like a plague as much as it does in other spheres of life.Psychology 101 teaches us that the amount of satisfaction with your job is proportional to the interest you take in it and the interest you take in it usually dictates your efficiency at it.More motivation means more success and demotion doesn’t really scream motivation. Source: hbr.orgWhen an employee is relegated without sound and obvious reasons, it can have a negative impact on staff morale.The world morale signifies the capacity of a group to maintain belief in an institution or a collective goal.Making employees climb down the ladder with no apparent reason doesn’t really convince people that you, as a manager, hold their welfare as a priority.Ashlie B. Johnson, head of Brooke Human Resource Solutions, saw the effects of employees climbing down the corporate ladder firsthand:“I’ve had very difficult conversations relating to demotions and layoffs many times in my career as a head of HR”. “I’ve had some positive outcomes in such situations because I’ve addressed the employees with respect, and have done everything in my power to support the candidates through every step of their transition.”DISMISSAL CONSIDERATIONIn relation to what’s been previously said, an employee may regard the demotion as humiliating and such tampering wi th the ego can take its toll.For example, if an employee refuses to accept the demotion, the employer has to consider dismissal.Dismissing the candidates puts superiors in the difficult position of having to find and employ more qualified workers to compensate for the lack of a more experienced one.Sometimes, depending on the position, new employees take time to train and as the saying goes, time is money so try not to waste it.Another downside to dismissal can be financial penalties for prematurely terminating the contract with an employee.That depends on the contract, but in serious institutions, some forms of reimbursement offered to the employee are usually implied.Put together the time you need to train the newcomers and the potential financial penalties for prematurely terminating the contract and you just might find out that it is more economical to avoid demotions.POTENTIAL LEGAL RISKSPrior consultation and agreement should always take place before opting for changes in role s or job statuses.This is the case even when employers have reserved the rights to change terms and conditions of employment by contract.If the employee evaluates the change in status as a substantial one, he/she can opt for an attorney in order to legally defend their rights in front of the court of law or an employment tribunal.The potential complications could be avoided by getting feedback from the employee and perhaps offering alternatives in addition to changing the job title, duties and responsibilities.Even when consultations take place, employers need to be careful not to pressure the employee to agree to the offered alternatives, since the consequences of refusal may be severe.When an employee feels too much pressure has been put, he/she may choose a resignation and a plea to the court.As for the consultations and agreement, employers should be careful to properly engage with the candidate so as to conduct a meaningful process, otherwise, the worker can consider the proces s to be a sham which could also result in a claim for a constructive dismissal.Candidates, dismissed for refusing the demotion, may also have a claim for an unfair dismissal and breach of contract if the employer doesn’t serve the notice of termination of employment in time.EQUALITYA demotion can also be the basis for a claim for discrimination which opposes the Equality Act passed in 2010 which protects characteristics relating to race, sexual orientation, gender, disabilities, age, religion etc.An employee may not even need to fulfill requirements in terms of length of service to be able to push the claim of discrimination before the court of law or an employment tribunal.Unlike claims of unfair dismissals, there is no limit to the compensation for loss of earnings that an employee might sue for.MANAGING RISKS OF RELEGATING CANDIDATESWhile demotion can be a useful option for employers in some circumstances, it may have its legal pitfalls.Having in mind the risk of financial expo sure, superiors should always seek legal advice before opting for demotion or dismissal as one can imply the other.Sometimes employers tend to get an employee to quit rather than firing candidates. That way, managers avoid the difficult situation of firing a candidate.From an HR point of view, the advantages of this strategy relate to avoiding paying the severance. It’s not an advisable strategy, and not just because it’s immoral, but because it can backfire as some workers simply start slacking at work rather than quitting.When it comes to financial benefits, managers can also reduce the salary of an employee instead of officially demoting him/her.That way the position is retained as well as the financial gain. It’s a non-advisable strategy also as it can backfire in the same manner as the previous one.The best strategy in addressing the risks of demoting candidates is consulting with them and explaining that the demotion is not a disciplinary step.It should be stressed that it’s not due to the incompetence of the employee either, so as to avoid hurting their pride and demotivating them.If possible, it should be stressed that the demotion takes place due to the downsizing of the firm or a similar cause or that the management assessed that the employee’s competencies would be better put to use in another sector of the organization.The likely impact on staff morale should also be considered. It’s not a path employers should choose lightly.However, sometimes employees voluntarily climb down the corporate ladder as that can have its advantages.VOLUNTARILY CLIMBING DOWN THE CORPORATE LADDERThere are more and more people opting for climbing down the ladder themselves. The reasons for such a maneuver may differ.The ways you can climb down also vary. You may want to climb down in your own firm or you may decide for a full-fledged transition. The reasons for climbing down the career ladder are usually relating to the draining nature of the work at higher m anaging positions.The higher the position is, the greater the responsibilities are and not many people can cope with too much responsibility.There’s a reason that the higher you go, the less place there is at the pyramidal corporate structures.Sometimes it’s not just the responsibility, but what you do as a superior. It depends on the job, but superior functions at corporations usually require more management than creativity and action, so people who like to “work on the field”, often lose themselves in doing something they didn’t really dream about doing in the first place.It is advisable, although it does not occur that often, that corporate leaders sometimes take a step down to remind themselves of the hardship and the nature of the challenges their subordinate colleagues face every day.That way they can get to know the thick and thin of the corporation and understand its structure better in order to be better leaders.Getting to know the staff and the working environmen t first hand is always an asset to the manager.It’s a growing trend for the boards to choose the potential managers by capacity and qualifications, but to train them from day one and from the lowest position at the firm.That way the potential managers have to get promoted, step by step, all the way to the top of the institution they ought to govern.By the time they get to the top, they already know the workers and the working environment like the back of their hand.To reverse the process, sometimes managers and executives voluntarily climb down the ladder to check the base floors before they climb back up.There are those who choose to step down because of the conflicting beliefs or because they lost themselves in doing something they don’t feel is right for them or right at all in terms of ethics. Others value their time, freedom and peace of mind more than the advantages of climbing the ladder.Some people just miss spending more time with their families.Be that as it may, both climbing down and up the corporate ladder, have their advantages and disadvantages.There are risks to deciding to step down for a while and we’ll list some of them in order to help you think and avoid doing something you might later regret.DO YOU REALLY WANT TO QUITBefore jumping into rash decisions, think about how your superiors will take your request. You might just convey a message that you’re not ambitious or confident enough.If you question your own expertise, competence and motivation, why should your employer put trust in you and promote you?By second-guessing the boards decision and faith in you, you may lose a chance of getting promoted again.Yes, we said its a two-way ladder, but it doesnt mean you should jump off of a moving train or expect to get back in the saddle just like that.While freeing yourself from the responsibility of higher functions has its perks, it has its disadvantages too.Before you demote yourself, make sure you can handle it financially. Its good to have additional incomes and freelance side hustles if you dont want to get too involved in the corporate machinery.Either way, youre working for the salary. Few things in life come pro bono so you might as well make a decent career for yourself. Not a necessity of course.After all, the corporate viewpoints are becoming more liberal these days so there are reduced responsibility programs for people who want to lessen the workload.Better think of a good excuse for temporarily doing it if you want to climb back on though.BEING OVERQUALIFIED FOR THE POSITIONWhen a candidate with senior skills applies for a junior position, it usually makes employers wonder if the position is just a temporary stop on the way to something better.As most managers look for reliable and dedicated staff, your application might even get turned down.If youre thinking about voluntarily relegating yourself then make sure youve come up with a good story to back up your application.Be ready to explain why youre climbing down the career ladder and make it a good one.Even if you convince your employer that its the spot you feel like youll really give your maximum at, are you sure you wont miss the challenges of the higher position?Perhaps youll find you miss being in a tight spot as the sheer difficulty of the work youre doing can sometimes force the creativity in you.Its a common mistake to think that free time alone will fulfill you.You need to know what is it that you want to do with your spare time because if your challenges at work dont match your capacities, youll become bored, apathetic and depressed.Make sure you have a plan for that prolonged weekend you hoped for all along for you might just find that Sundays make you anxious and that you cant wait to get back to work and do something meaningful.Of course, if you know what you want to do and have something to devote to in your spare time, this doesnt apply to you.Low Self-EsteemWhile theres more and more talk about dialing down on the career goals, since they dont guarantee a good life quality, people still stick to the old prejudice that the higher youre on the ladder, the happier you are.If youre used to some form of admiration from your subordinates, friends or acquaintances and if that admiration is in relation to your title, think twice before opting for demotion.Its not to say that you shouldnt do it. Being identified with your vocation and grounding your status on position alone is not a wise thing to do. If youre already doing it, however, consider the impact your new job will have on your self-esteem.Low self-esteem means low motivation which decreases your productivity which in return decreases your self-esteem.Yes, its a vicious circle so be careful not to make the mistake of defining yourself by what you do for living… or if you cant help it, try to do something that would do you justice.ArroganceCandidates with senior skills applying for junior positions often do not take their jobs seriously.T he results of such an approach are detrimental to the cause of the enterprise.If you underestimate your job, youre bound to overlook something and make a mistake.The results of arrogance are, in the long-term, usually catastrophic, not just in business, but generally.Be careful not to overestimate yourself or take your responsibilities for granted because you might just find yourself falling from the ladder instead of climbing down.Its not good for the staff morale to underrate the tasks at hand so if you think your capacity outmatches the challenge, keep it to yourself.Be a mentor, but dont ridicule what youre teaching if you dont want to sell yourself short.CONCLUSIONThere are many ways to climb down the career ladder and even more reasons to do it.Of course, there are many risks to it, so its by no means advisable. Its not to say that we advise against it either. Its an individual thing so, if we advise anything, its to think carefully before you do it.Many candidates make the de cisions on impulse and in the heat of the moment. Give yourself time to cool down before you make life-changing decisions. Do your homework and research.Read the article again if you have to and sum up the pros and cons.If you feel and think that climbing down the ladder is something you should do, by no means should you stick to the position youre not satisfied with.Just dont be rash. Have a good reason for both climbing up and down the corporate ladder.Its not the position that guarantees the quality of life, because all of us have different priorities. Just make sure you know what yours are before you climb that ladder.Its hardly an irreversible process, but it can save you a lot of time and energy if you set your priorities straight.If, however, you failed to do that and you find yourself climbing up or down involuntarily, dont worry. Sometimes you need to take a step before realizing why youve taken it and where it can lead you.Not everything can be planned ahead, but doing hom ework doesnt hurt… unless theres really too much of it in which case climbing down the ladder works like a charm.

Julius Caesar - Mark Antony Essay - 781 Words

Mark Antony nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;It is human nature to change one’s personality to fit the situation. People behave differently when speaking to a dignitary that when talking to a friend. Over time one can change due to a loss or gain of power, sometimes for the better or worse. In Julius Caesar, for example, Mark Antony goes through several changes. Mark Antony loved Julius Caesar, yet when he passed away Mark Antony swears vengeance, and ultimately is corrupted by the power of running a country. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;At the beginning of the play Antony is harmless and extremely loyal to Julius Caesar. Mark Antony is about to run a race, but â€Å"When Caesar says ‘Do this,’ it is performed.† It is almost as if Mark Antony†¦show more content†¦When Caesar dies Mark Antony has â€Å"Fled to his house amazed† because one of his closest friends has been killed. The conspirators have judged Antony to be a coward, and therefore do not respect him. He sends his servant to see if it is safe to speak with the conspirators. When they finally meet, he shook everyone’s hand, â€Å"but was indeed swayed from the point by looking down on Caesar.† By seeing the corpse of his friend, he has been moved to tears. When they leave, â€Å"Over thy wounds now do I prophesy† to seek vengeance on those who murdered Caesar. As the day progresses, Mark Antony would like to hold a funeral service for Caesar. Brutus speaks first, yet he allows Antony his say, even after he has left. He admits that â€Å"The evil that men do lives after them, the good is oft interrà ¨d with their bones.† He gives the crowd a reason to hate Brutus by contradicting every single point that he made. By gaining the crowd’s approval he is able to display the conspirators not for the heroes that they claim to be, but the butchers which they are. This leads to Antony having a part in the second triumvirate. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;While in the second triumvirate, Antony is corrupted and becomes greedy. As the conspirators were driven away, the new leaders of Rome are making a list of the people who were associated or that they just plain don’t like. This has made Mark Antony callous, as â€Å"These many then shall die; their names are pricked.† Two names onShow MoreRelated Julius Caesar Essay: Mark Antony as the Genius of Julius Caesar1286 Words   |  6 PagesMark Antony as the Genius of Julius Caesar Mark Antony - the guy is a genius.   He gives the most powerful and emotional speech ever conjured up by a human mind.   He gets this powerful emotion from the pain of the loss of his friend, Julius Caesar.   In Shakespeares play about the ill-fated Roman ruler, a band of conspirators plot to kill Julius Caesar.   They succeed in doing so, and Caesars best friend Antony is infuriated.   However, he manages to keep his cool, until he is allowed to speakRead MoreEssay about Julius Caesar - Mark Antony615 Words   |  3 Pages Mark Antony, in the play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, was a brave, intelligent, pleasure-loving, and cunning man. He was loyal to his friend, Caesar, whom he considered a true friend. He looked at life as a game in which he had a signified part to play, and played that part with excellent refinement and skill. Antony was devoted and preferred to be dependent upon Julius Caesar since he rather have enjoyed life than to claim the highest position in the government. He wanted the crown to be givenRead MoreAnalysis Of Mark Antony s Julius Caesar 1328 Words   |  6 Pages2015 Mark Antony In his play, Julius Caesar, Shakespeare uses Mark Antony to develop the theme that one can be driven by his lust for power to deceive those around him. Through his conflicting motivations and interactions, Antony shows his true colors as a man that will stop at nothing to have power, even living a lie to become close with those in high places. Mark Antony develops the theme that one can be driven by his lust for power to deceive those around him in Acts 1, 2, and 3. Antony doesn’tRead MoreComparing the Speeches of Mark Antony and Brutus in Julius Caesar2122 Words   |  9 PagesComparing the Speeches of Mark Antony and Brutus in Julius Caesar The play Julius Caesar was first performed in 1599 at the Globe theatre in London. The Globe theatre was built earlier that year and Julius Caesar was one of the first plays performed there. This gives us reason to believe that the play was written towards the end of 1598 and beginning of 1599. William Shakespeare wrote the play Julius Caesar because Plutarchs Lives, William Shakespeares sourceRead MoreJulius Caesar Brutus and Mark Antony Speech Comparison Essay597 Words   |  3 Pagesby both Brutus and Mark Antony in William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Julius Caesar are very persuasive to the audience that they are given to, but rhetorical devices were used in different ways in order for each to have an effect on the people of Rome. In Brutus’s speech, he uses devices such as rhetorical question and antithesis to convince the Romans that he and the conpirators did a good deed by killing Caesar. In Mark Antony’s speech, he sways them to believe that Caesar did not deserve toRead MoreComapring the Speeches of Mark Antony and Brutus in William Shakespeares Julius Caesar1325 Words   |  6 PagesSpeeches of Mark Antony and Brutus in William Shakespeares Julius Caesar The play Julius Caesar reaches a peak of tension at the point of the two speeches, and so it would seem whichever speech was enjoyed more by the crowd would make the speaker the more popular. This was in fact the case in the play. Mark Antony used better techniques of speech than Brutus and he prevailed in the end. After the conspirators have killed Caesar, Brutus agrees to let Antony performRead More Julius Caesar: Comparison of the Eulogies of Mark Antony and Brutus689 Words   |  3 Pages Eulogy, noun. – A well versed, powerful speech which praises someone after their death. In The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, there are two of the most famous, and repeated eulogies ever spoken. These eulogies are very powerful and speak to everyone. They are both written very eloquently, but very different at the same time. One is written as a sadness for Caesar, while the other is written as a man who wants to make others feel guilty for his doing. Both speeches seem to tug on the heart stringsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Julius Caesar - Mark Antony Proves to Be the Most Skilful Politician in the Play. Do You Agree?1238 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakepeares Julius Caesar Mark Antony proves to be the most skilful politician in the play. Do you agree? Power is the ability to influence the behaviour of others - whether this is achieved with or without resistance, for good or for bad. Some would go as far as to say that all human behaviour is propelled by the want of power. One can conclude, however, that power is inevitable in the human society. It’s natural. William Shakespeare’s play, Julius Caesar, is brimming with humansRead MoreThe Exciting and Interesting Life of Mark Anthony in the Play, Julius Caesar866 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout the play of Julius Caesar, Mark Antony has shown multiple times the sides of him more in history and sometimes more of just a character. Mark Antony has had a very exciting and most interesting life. He has been through the thick and thin; the deaths of friends, loved ones, spouses, and so much more. It is pretty amazing that one person could conquer so much in a single lifetime. The history of Mark Antony is one of the most important parts of the history of Rome. Mark Antony wa s one of the mostRead MoreJulius Caesar as the Noblest Roman of Them All Essay686 Words   |  3 PagesJulius Caesar as the Noblest Roman of Them All In William Shakespeares Julius Caesar the victorious Mark Antony calls his rival Brutus, the noblest Roman of them all. At the start of the play we witnessed Cassius persuade Brutus to join a conspiracy to kill Caesar. In my essay I intend to discuss four main characters in order to prove or disapprove Mark Antonys statement. The play starts off with Julius Caesar entering Rome after his victory in the civil

An Insight Into Dickinsons Portrayal of Death - 2157 Words

An Insight into Dickinsons Portrayal of Death Pale Death with impartial tread beats at the poor mans cottage door and at the palaces of kings. Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus, 65-8 B.C.) Throughout the history of literature, it has often been said that the poet is the poetry (Tate, Reactionary 9); that a poets life and experiences greatly influence the style and the content of their writing, some more than others. Emily Dickinson is one of the most renowned poets of her time, recognized for the amount of genuine, emotional insight into life, death, and love she was able to show through her poetry. Many believe her lifestyle and solitude brought her to that point in her writing. During Emily Dickinsons life, she†¦show more content†¦But, Dickinson provides a new insight into this by describing nature as the force that brings death to its subjects when the time has come. As Nature brings their weight of pain to bear upon the speaker, they are shown to have injured and oppressed with a conscious will (Griffith). She describes to the reader the crude side of nature: the reality of life and the suddenness of death. Contrary to common belief, Mother Nature is not quite described as a loveable and caring person. Poets have grown accustomed to thinking of Nature as a cuddly companion .Emily Dickinsons Nature is no less personal or dynamic than this - and no less a Nature read by the light of pathetic fallacy. It is simply that she sees as tigers what others have mistaken for pets (Griffith). This analogy of pets and tigers describes Dickinsons contrasting views on life, death and nature as compared to other historical and contemporary poets. Another poem that illustrates this viewpoint like no other is Because I Could Not Stop for Death. This poem is an example of the personification of Death as a character. However, it shares an obvious bond with Theres a Certain Slant of Light in more ways than one. Certain beliefs and impressions that are embedded in Dickinsons mind permanently force themselves out in her poems and they can be linked together if oneShow MoreRelatedAn Insight Into Dickinsons Portrayal of Death2173 Words   |  9 PagesAn In sight into Dickinsons Portrayal of Death Pale Death with impartial tread beats at the poor mans cottage door and at the palaces of kings. Horace (Quintus Horatius Flaccus, 65-8 B.C.) Throughout the history of literature, it has often been said that the poet is the poetry (Tate, Reactionary 9); that a poets life and experiences greatly influence the style and the content of their writing, some more than others. Emily Dickinson is one of the most renowned poets of her timeRead MoreBibliography Relation to Analysis of Emily Dickinson ´s Writings2048 Words   |  8 Pagesaccomplishes the discernment of Dickinson’s poems and their allusions to many classic myths. He denotes the figurative language that Dickinson utilizes in her poetry to relate to her themes. With these key elements in mind, Anderson is then able to compare Dickinson’s works to other authors who have tried to reach the same goals, however, Dickinson is able to better achieve the extrapolation of the myths through her profound and truly exquisite writing. In Dickinson’s A Narrow Fellow In the GrassRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pageshold readers attention through dread of a series of terrible possibilities feature landscapes of dark forests, extreme vegetation, concealed ruins with horrific rooms, depressed characters Effect: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · today in literature we still see portrayals of alluring antagonists whose evil characteristics appeal to one s sense of awe today in literature we still see stories of the persecuted young girl forced apart from her true love Historical Context: ï‚ · industrial revolution brings ideas

Financial Management †Exam Free Essays

1. Time value of money (15 points) You have just turned 30 years old, have just received your MBA and have accepted your first job. Now, you must decide how much money to put in your retirement plan. We will write a custom essay sample on Financial Management – Exam or any similar topic only for you Order Now The plan works as follows. Every dollar in the plan earns 7% per year. You cannot make withdrawals until you retire on your 65th birthday. After that point, you can make withdrawals as you see fit. You decide that you will plan to live to 100 and work until you turn 65. You estimate that to live comfortably in retirement, you will need $100,000 per year starting at the end of the first year of retirement and ending on your 100th birthday. You will contribute the same amount to the plan at the end of every year that your work. How much do you need to contribute each year to fund your retirement? 2. Stock pricing (20 points) Colgate-Palmolive Co. has just paid an annual dividend of $0. 96. Analysts are predicting an 11% per year growth rate in earnings over the next five years. After that, Colgate’s earnings are expected to grow at the current industry average of 5. 2% per year. If Colgate’s equity cost of capital is 8. 5% per year and its dividend payout ratio remains constant, what price does the dividend-discount model predict Colgate should sell for? 3. Bond pricing (15 points) Consider a 30-year bond with a 10% coupon rate (annual payments) and a $1000 face value. 1. What is the initial price of this bond if it has a 5% yield to maturity? (5 points) 2. What will the price be immediately before and after the first coupon is paid (10 points) 4. NPV (25 points) A proposed cost savings device has an installed cost of $480,000. The device will be depreciated straight-line to zero over its five year life. The required initial net working capital investment is $35,000 (which will be recovered at the end of the project), the marginal tax rate is 35%, and the discount rate is 12%. The device has an estimated year 5 salvage value of $80,000. What level of pretax cost savings do we require for this project to be profitable? 5. IRR (25 points) Your firm is contemplating the purchase of a new $850,000 computer based order entry system. The system will be depreciated straight line to zero over its five-year life. It will be worth $150,000 at the end of that time. You will save $350,000 before taxes per year in order processing costs and you will be able to reduce working capital by $125,000. If the tax rate is 35%, what is the IRR for this project? How to cite Financial Management – Exam, Essay examples

Theories of international relations Essay Example

Theories of international relations Essay A structural query in the social sciences and associated areas as we know it today has deep roots in the history of Western thought. To find out the fundamental, constitutive, structures into which the sensory data of human observation and experience fall: this was a fundamental objective of the ancient Greeks, to go back no far in time (S. Sambursky, 1956). The Greek root of word idea refers to pattern, relationship, or constitution. When we speak of Platos doctrine of Ideas, we might better speak of his principle of Forms, for this is specifically what they were. Granted that these were ideal, even heavenly units in Platos philosophy, it relics true, as Cornford has stressed, that Plato was also a cosmologist, keenly interested in the nature of the actual, experiential world, social as well as physical.   In Platos cosmology there is a thoughtful sense of reality as comprised by not discrete data but shapes and forms mathematical in character (F. M. Cornford, 1952). Nor where Platos student and absconder Aristotle has any less interested in structures. As all interpreters of Aristotle have stressed, it is the living being, and with it growth, that dominates Aristotles mind as the basic model of structure. Organismic structure is, indeed, one of the oldest and most determined models to be found in Western philosophy and science. From Aristotles day to our own, with barely any lapses, the philosophy of an organism has been a significant one: sometimes with stress on the more static aspects, as in anatomy, but other times on the dynamic elements which are found to be constitutive, as in physiological processes, with growth. We will write a custom essay sample on Theories of international relations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Theories of international relations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Theories of international relations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Structuralism can be inert in character, or it can be hereditary and dynamic. Contending purely organism model of structure have been as a minimum two others: the mathematical and the mechanical. Most likely the first is at least as old as the organismic. The earliest, pre-Socratic Pythagorean School of philosophy sought to reveal that reality is mathematical—that is, formed by irreducible geometrical patterns. As, the Pythagorean philosophy exercised great influence upon Plato, and much of his own cosmology contains efforts to refine the Pythagorean view of the geometric structures which form the real. The notion that reality is eventually mathematical in character is of course a very powerful one at the present time. A basic notion is interest in the relationships, the connections, within which we discover primitive elements of matter and energy. The perfunctory conception of structure, though also very old, enjoyed a renascence in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the consequence in substantial degree of the influence on all thought of such physical philosophers as Kepler, Galileo, and Newton. It was nearly expected, given the great repute of these and other minds engaged in the search for laws, systems, and structures in the physical world, that the type of systems and structures they set forth in astronomy, physics, and mechanics must have excited the interests of those concerned mainly with man and society. To see society as a great machine with prototypes of equilibrium, action and reaction, and association of parts to the whole was alluring indeed, as so numerous of the ventures in social physics or social mechanics in the eighteenth century make evident. As with biology and the replica of the organism, mechanics and its model of the machine offered both statics and dynamics. Structuralism in sociology and associated disciplines has a long history insofar as its fundamental grounds are concerned. As Raymond Williams has written: We need to know this history if we are to understand the important and difficult development of structural and later structuralist as defining terms in the human sciences.( Raymond Williams, 1956). There are numerous major, and diverse, outsets of structure to be found in the social sciences of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, but at the extraction of all of them lie in one relation or other the biological, mathematical, and mechanical models of reality which have wield strong effect upon so many areas of knowledge over the past numerous millennia in the West. Challenges of Structuralism Through the decline of student movements by the early seventies, the slipping and incorporation and commercialization of broader counter-cultural propensities, the appearance of an international economic crisis, and the rise of Thatcherism and Reaganism, the cultural theories and the politics of the critical theory that inclined the New Left were called deeply into question. For several especially in Britain and France, Althussers theory of cultural apparatuses, joint with semiotic theories of discourse, and his overall project of a scientific, structuralist Marxism, appeared the apparent alternative to the failures of humanist Marxism, especially the Hegelian Marxism of the Frankfurt tradition. More usually, a rediscovery of the political economic practicalities of Marxism was called for in opposition to the unrealistic and romantic humanism of critical theory. The challenge of structuralism (and its commencement of social reproduction and related semiotic theories of discourse) pro ved critical for the revision and rethinking of the cultural theory of critical theory in the seventies. Of decisive significance here was a reassessment of the tasks of critical theory as a form of empirical research, as well as a rethinking of the nature of the association between culture, the state and social movements. The job of surveying the response of critical theory to structuralism and structuralist semiotics is intricate by the difficulties of differentiating the composite of tendencies symbolized by structuralism and post structuralism, as well as the arbitrariness of separating off cultural analysis from other concerns of critical theory. There is a certain difficulty in separating out the reaction of critical theory to structuralism as opposed posting structuralism; given that they share numerous assumptions and that their reception took place more or less concurrently for many of those with access to the original French texts. The main justification for such a separation, beyond the significant theoretical shifts entailed, is that the focus of structuralism theories of society is the imitation of culture, whereas the focus of poststructuralist theories is in part the impracticality, or as a minimum difficulty, of any positive, representational theory of culture in the former sense. Gidde ns provide a practical characterization of these underlying continuities. Poststructuralist authors, such as Derrida and Foucault, were reacting against aspects of structuralism thought and yet were obliged to many of its varied assumptions and arguments such as the work of de Saussure, Là ©vi-Strauss, Althusser, Lacan, and early Barthes). Though handled distinctively in structuralism and post-structuralist writing, a number of shared themes can be identified: †¦the thesis that linguistics, or more accurately, certain aspects of particular versions of linguistics, are of key importance to philosophy and social theory as a whole; an emphasis on the relational nature of totalities, connected with the thesis of the arbitrary character of the sign, together with a stress upon the primacy of signifiers over what is signified; the decentring of the subject; a peculiar concern with the nature of writing, and therefore with textual materials; and an interest in the character of a temporality as somehow constitutively involved with the nature of objects and events. There is not a single one of these themes which does not bear upon issues of importance to social theory today. Equally, however, there is not one in respect of which the views of any of the writers listed above could be said to be acceptable. (Giddens, 1987:196) The precise boundaries of the theory of culture are also notoriously difficult to define. Some focus on More narrowly an artistic notion of culture, others slip into a more generic and inclusive one. As Nelson and Grossberg note in their recent collection: †¦cultural theory is now as likely to study political categories (such as democracy), forms of political practice (such as alliances), and structures of domination (including otherness) and experience (such as subjectification) as it is to study art, history, philosophy, science, ethics, communicative codes or technology. Cultural theory is involved with reexamining the concepts of class, social identity, class struggles, and revolution; it is committed to studying questions of pleasure, space, and time; it aims to understand the fabric of social experience and everyday life, even the foundations of the production and organization of power itself. Consequently, it is all but impossible to define the terrain of cultural theory by pointing to a finite set of object-domains or to the search for a limited set of interpretive tools. (1988:6) Cultural phenomena of Structuralism Structuralism contains and combines numerous elements of a classical epistemological dichotomy between quintessence and appearance in terms of the continuum between depth and surface. Là ©vi-Strauss, who were mainly instrumental in exercising this geological metaphor, liken the configuration of cultural phenomena to their layering as in strata, and the considerate of such phenomena in terms of the excavation of these stratums and an exposure of their patterns of interrelation. Elements of a culture, are the surface manifestations or demonstrations of underlying patterns at a deeper level equally within time, the ‘synchronic’, and through time, the ‘diachronic’. What de Saussure has provided, and what stands as perhaps the most momentous and binding element of all structuralism, is that the fundamental pattern or structure of any cultural phenomenon is to be understood in terms of a linguistic allegory. The lexical terms or items of vocabulary within such a language are offered by the symbols that subsist within social life, that is, the representations that attach to or arise from the substantial state of things or materiality itself. The grammatical rules of this metaphoric language are offered by the act, the continuous and habitual act, of significance. So the diversities of ways that we make sense in different cultures variously articulates and therefore gives rise to the diverse ‘languages’ that our cultural symbols comprise. The involvedness of this system of meaning is compounded by the fundamentally arbitrary relation between any particular object and state of affairs and the symbolic (linguistic) device that is engaged to indicate its being. Thing likeness, then, as objective and recognizable within any culture, derives not from any association between names and named but from a precisely poised structuring of otherness in our restricted network of ideas. Thin gs are not so much what they are but appear from a knowledge of what they are not, indeed a system of oppositions; the principle at the core of any binary code. Now the tenderness of this structuring of otherness remains secure, certainly, it appears as vigorous through the very practice of sociality, through the perseverance and reproduction of that tenancy relation at each and every turn within a culture. Meaning, then, within a particular culture, emerges from convention overcoming the random relation between the signifier and the signified. Convention replicates culture, and culture is conditional upon reproduction within structuralism. Bourdieu is devoted to the development of a critical yet indebted theory of culture and as such his ideas provide a significant contribution to our understanding of both power and power within our society. He began from an analysis of the education system and the part that its institutions play in the formation and diffusion of what counts as legal knowledge and forms of communication: †¦the cultural field is transformed by successive restructurations rather than by radical revolutions, with certain themes being brought to the fore while others are set to one side without being completely eliminated, so that continuity of communication between intellectual generations remains possible. In all cases, however, the patterns informing the thought of a given period can be fully understood only by reference to the school system, which is alone capable of establishing them and developing them, through practice, as the habits of thought common to a whole generation. (P. Bourdieu, 1971, p. 190) It is here that he divulges elements of a Durkheimian epistemology through his interest in the supporting character of cultural representations, the production and continuation of a social consensus that is a concept parallel in significance to the idea of a Collective consciousness’, and through the supposition of the social origins and perseverance of knowledge classifications. He is, though, critical of what he sees as Durkheim’s positivism in that it depends upon a stasis, and also that Durkheim believes the functions of the education system to be expected (J. Kennett, 1973). A major contribution of Bourdieu’s thought has been his improvement of a series of influential metaphors to eloquent the subtle relation of power and dominion at work in the social world and through the stratification of culture. Most notable is that which he draws from political economy when he speaks of cultural capital: ‘†¦there is, diffused within a social space a cultural capital, transmitted by inheritance and invested in order to be cultivated.’ (P. Bourdieu, 1971, p. 192) Stratified socialization practices and the system of education function to distinguish positively supportive of those members of society who, by virtue of their location within the class system, are the ‘natural’ inheritors of cultural capital. This is no crude conspiracy theory of a cognizant manipulation, somewhat what is being explored here is the prospect of a cultural process that is self-sustaining and self-perpetuating. This process is observed as carrying with it a framework of anticipation and tolerance of stratification and privilege. In this way Bourdieu moves from the ideological function of culture into a wakefulness of the weird efficacy of culture in that it is seen as structuring the system of social relations by its execution. Therefore, as Bourdieu makes clear, even within a democratic society this demonstration of disguised machinery continues to reinstate the inequalities of a social order which is pre-democratic in character and anti-democratic in essence. Structuralism in modern society The culturalist custom shares with the Marxist at least two major theoretical suppositions: first, the investigative postulate of a necessary, and quite elemental, disagreement between cultural value on the one hand, and the developmental logic of utilitarian capitalist civilization on the other; and secondly, the regulatory imperative to locate some social institution, or social grouping, adequately powerful as to protract the former against the latter. Culturalist hopes have been variously invested in the state, the church, the mythical intelligentsia and the labor movement; Marxist objectives in theory much more consistently in the working class, but in practice also in the state, as for communist Marxism, and in the intelligentsia (and very often more particularly the literary intelligentsia) for Western Marxism. Structuralism accepts neither analytical postulate nor regulatory imperative. For the former, it substitutes a dichotomy between manifestation and essence, in which esse nce is revealed only in structure; for the latter, a scientistic epistemology which characteristically denies both the need for dictatorial practice and the prospect of meaningful group action. There are numerous diverse versions of structuralism, of course, both in wide-ranging and as applied to literature and culture in particular. But, for our purposes, and very broadly, structuralism might well be distinct as an approach to the study of human culture, centered on the search for restraining patterns, or structures, which claims that individual phenomena have connotations only by virtue of their relation to other phenomenon as elements within a systematic structure. More particularly, certain kinds of structuralism those denoted very often by the terms semiology and semiotics can be recognized with the much more particular claim that the methods of structural linguistics can be effectively generalized so as to apply to all features of human culture. Structuralism secured entry into British academic life initially during the late sixties and seventies. But in France and structuralism has been a devastating Francophone affair it has a much longer history. The basic continuity between structuralism and post-structuralism is, nevertheless, not so much logical as sociological. Where Marxism desired to mobilize the working class, and culturalism at its most thriving at any rate, the intelligentsia, against the logics of capitalist industrialization, both structuralism and post-structuralism donate to a very different, and much more modest, intellect of the intellectual’s proper political function. In an observation truly directed at Sartre, but which could just as easily be intended toward Leavis, Foucault writes thus: For a long period, the†¦intellectual spoke and was acknowledged the right of speaking in the capacity of master of truth and justice†¦ To be an intellectual meant something like being the consciousness/conscience of us all some years have passed since the intellectual was called upon to play this role. A new mode of the â€Å"connection between theory and practice† has been established. Intellectuals have got used to working, not in the modality of the â€Å"universal†, the â€Å"exemplary†, the â€Å"just-and-true-for-all†, but within specific sectors, at the precise points where their own conditions of life or work situate them†¦ This is what I would call the â€Å"specific† intellectual as opposed to the â€Å"universal† intellectual (Foucault, 1978). Anti-historicism is a much more characteristic defining feature of structuralism. Both Marxism and culturalism translate their aversion to utilitarian capitalist civilization into historicity persistence that this type of civilization is only one amongst many, so as to be capable thereby to raise either the past or an ideal future against the present. By contrast, structuralism characteristically inhabits a never-ending theoretical present. The only significant exception to this observation is Durkheim, whose enduring evolutionist we have already noted. But so structuralism is his commencement both of primitive â€Å"mechanical solidarity† and of compound â€Å"organic solidarity,† that Durkheim cannot in fact account for the shift from the one to the other, accept by a badly masked resort to the demographic fact of population growth, which necessitates, on his own definition, a theoretically illicit appeal to the non-social, in this case, the biological (Durkheim, 1964 ). So structuralism is Durkheim’s basic preoccupation that this account of the dynamics of modernization becomes, effectively, theoretically incoherent, an allegation that could be leveled at neither Marx nor Weber, Eliot nor Leavis. And after Durkheim, even this residual evolutionism disappears from structuralism. Conclusion Structuralism’s anti-historicism directs it to take as given whatever present it might choose to study, in a fashion quite alien both to culturalism and to non-Althusserian Marxism. This positively makes possibly a non-adversarial posture in comparison with contemporary civilization; it does not, however, require it. A stress on structures as deeper levels of realism, inundated beneath, but nonetheless shaping, the realm of the empirically obvious, can very easily permit for a politics of de mystification, in which the structuralism analyst is understood as piercing through to some furtively hidden truth. For so long as this hidden reality is seen as somehow confusing the truth claims of the more apparent realities, then for so long can such a stance remain attuned with an adversarial intellectual politics. Even then all that eventuates is noticeably enfeebled, and fundamentally academic, versions of intellectual extremism, in which the world is not so much changed, as conside red differently. And again, while structuralism is certainly attuned with such radicalism, it does not need it. Hence the rather peculiar way in which the major French structuralism thinkers have proved capable to shift their political opinions, usually from left to right, without any corresponding amendment to their particular theoretical positions. For structuralism, as neither for culturalism nor for Marxism, the nexus between politics and theory appears irreversibly contingent. This permutation of positivism and what we might well term â€Å"synchronism† with an obligation to the demystification of experiential reality propels the whole structuralism enterprise in a fundamentally theoretic direction. A science of the stasis, marked from birth by an inveterate anti-empiricism, becomes almost inevitably preoccupied with highly abstract theoretical, or formal, models. Hence the near ubiquity of the binary resistance as a typical structuralism trope. Theoretical anti-humanism arises from fundamentally the same source: if neither change nor process nor even the finicky empirical instances are matters of real concern, then the intentions or actions of human subjects, whether individual or collective, can simply be disposed of as extraneous to the structural properties of systems. In this way, structuralism infamously â€Å"decentres† the subject.